Diversity and Trophic Relationships of Functional Groups of Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombus Latreille, 1802) in Urban Habitats

IF 1.6 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Psyche: A Journal of Entomology Pub Date : 2020-12-07 DOI:10.1155/2020/5182146
H. Honchar
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Species composition, distribution, and trophic relationships of bumblebees are studied in six types of urban habitat: urban parks, botanical gardens, least-disturbed areas within the city, residential areas, and roadsides. Twenty bumblebee species are recorded in the present study. The species composition of bumblebees has changed from 1933 to 2017. Rare species have disappeared from the city—Bombus fragrans, B. cullumanus, and B. jonellus. The core of urban bumblebee communities consists of ecologically plastic species, most of which belong to the functional morphoecological “short-tongued” group (83%). The more specialized “medium-tongued” and “long-tongued” species are less diverse. Their populations make up 14% and 3% of the total bumblebee population. Five most common species, B. lucorum, B. terrestris, B. lapidarius, B. pascuorum, and B. hypnorum, are found at locations of the most noted categories of habitats. One of the main factors affecting the diversity of morphoecological groups of bumblebees in urban conditions is the state of floral resources. The bumblebees are observed feeding on more than 60 plant species of the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, and Salicaceae in urban environment; however, the insects favored plants of 30 species. The ornamental, ruderal, and some invasive species of plants are significant in bumblebees’ feeding in urban conditions. The resources for bumblebee feeding and sustainable density of nesting sites are rich in quality and quantity only at a few of model urban sites. At these territories, the highest species diversity of bumblebee is recorded, including rare, protected, and vulnerable species. The ecological potential of other studied urban sites is enough to sustain the most ecologically plastic bumblebee species.
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城市生境大黄蜂(膜翅目:蜂科,大黄蜂,1802)功能群的多样性和营养关系
在城市公园、植物园、城市最小干扰区、居民区和路边6种类型的城市生境中,研究了大黄蜂的种类组成、分布和营养关系。本研究记录了20种大黄蜂。从1933年到2017年,大黄蜂的物种组成发生了变化。城市中的珍稀物种bombus fragrans、B. cullumanus和B. jonellus已经消失。城市大黄蜂群落的核心由生态可塑性物种组成,大部分属于功能形态生态学的“短舌”类群(83%)。更特殊的“中舌”和“长舌”物种多样性较低。它们的数量分别占大黄蜂总数的14%和3%。五个最常见的种类,即绿胸小蠊、地胸小蠊、紫胸小蠊、草原小蠊和海胸小蠊,在最著名的生境类别中都有发现。城市环境中影响大黄蜂形态生态类群多样性的主要因素之一是植物资源状况。在城市环境中,观察到大黄蜂以菊科、豆科、兰科、蔷薇科、水杨科等60多种植物为食;然而,昆虫偏爱30种植物。观赏植物、野生植物和一些入侵植物对城市环境下大黄蜂的取食有重要影响。大黄蜂取食资源和可持续筑巢密度仅在少数几个典型的城市站点上具有丰富的质量和数量。在这些地区,有记录的大黄蜂物种多样性最高,包括稀有、受保护和易受伤害的物种。其他被研究的城市地点的生态潜力足以维持大多数生态可塑性大黄蜂物种。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
8
审稿时长
15 weeks
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