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The Worker Flow at the Hive Entrance Predicts When Nest Cleaning is Intensified in Stingless Bees 蜂巢入口处的工蜂流预测无刺蜂何时加强清巢工作
IF 1.1 Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6659234
Kedar Devkota, C. F. dos Santos, A. B. Ferreira, Júlia Terra Zuch, Binayak Prakash Mishra, B. Blochtein
Waste produced by living organisms is commonly disposed of as a prophylactic measure to avoid the spread of diseases and parasite infestation. For social insects, a proportion of workers is allocated to dispose the waste material outside the colony’s nest. However, most nests of social insects have a single entrance, where a high flow of individuals may create congestion, potentially compromising normal foraging activities and colony growth/health. Here, we investigated how two species of stingless bees (Tetragonisca fiebrigi and Plebeia droryana) deal with waste disposal and regular foraging activities, and the impacts of these activities on traffic flow at nest entrances. First, we compared the average traffic of bees assigned to waste removal activities. Following this, we investigated probabilities for waste removal as bee traffic increases. Then, we estimated a cutoff value to predict the likelihood that waste removal activities will be intensified over foraging trips. We found that, on average, the number of bees performing waste removal activities was lower than those undertaking foraging trips for both species. In addition, we observed that as overall bee traffic increases, the number of workers engaged in waste removal reduces or even ceases. Our models indicate that bee traffic of approximately 15 individuals/time is a cutoff score, below which, colonies invest in waste removal and above which, foraging trips are increased. It suggests that both species use the entrances of their colonies in an optimized way by adjusting which tasks should be intensified as the traffic of individuals increases.
处理生物体产生的废物通常是一种预防措施,以避免疾病传播和寄生虫感染。对于社会性昆虫来说,一部分工蚁被分配到蚁巢外处理废料。然而,大多数社会性昆虫的巢只有一个入口,大量的个体流动可能会造成拥堵,从而影响正常的觅食活动和昆虫群的生长/健康。在这里,我们研究了两种无刺蜂(Tetragonisca fiebrigi和Plebeia droryana)如何处理废物和进行正常的觅食活动,以及这些活动对巢穴入口流量的影响。首先,我们比较了被分配从事废物清理活动的蜜蜂的平均流量。随后,我们研究了随着蜜蜂流量的增加,清除废物的概率。然后,我们估算了一个临界值,以预测清除废物活动比觅食活动更频繁的可能性。我们发现,平均而言,两种蜜蜂进行清除废物活动的数量都低于进行觅食活动的数量。此外,我们还观察到,随着蜜蜂总流量的增加,从事清除废物的工蜂数量减少甚至停止。我们的模型表明,蜜蜂流量约为 15 只/次是一个分界线,低于这个分界线,蜂群就会投入清除废物的活动,而高于这个分界线,觅食活动就会增加。这表明,随着个体流量的增加,这两种蜜蜂都会调整哪些任务需要加强,从而以最优化的方式使用蜂群入口。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Antitick and Repellent Activity of Azadirachta indica Oil against Adults and Larvae Stages of Rhipicephalus microplus Azadirachta indica 油对 Rhipicephalus microplus 成虫和幼虫阶段的抗性和驱避活性评估
IF 1.1 Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2224036
M. Shakya, Mamta Singh, Kalpana Gautam, Sunita Jamra, Vivek Agrawal, A. Jayraw, G. Jatav, S. K. Gupta, Sachin Kumar
Ticks are blood-sucking parasites and occur all over the world, especially in humid and subhumid nations such as India. They are very important vectors of many economically important livestock diseases, such as Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., and Theileria spp. Ticks were collected from organized and unorganized cattle farms situated in and around Mhow. The initially collected samples of ticks (≤200) were washed in tap water and identified as Rhipicephalus microplus. The study was carried out from June 2021 to May 2022. Ticks were treated with 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5, and 10% oil of Azadirachta indica in both the adult immersion test and larval immersion test. All the concentrations were prepared with absolute ethanol. In the present study, fipronil was used as a positive control using various concentrations (x/8, x/4, x/2, x, and 2x) and was prepared in distilled water. The LC50 values against fipronil were observed as 1.03 and 1.12 ppm for adults and larvae, respectively. Results of the study showed that the oil of Azadirachta indica was responsible for the mortality of adults (LC50 = 2.70%) and larval stages (LC50 = 1.27%) at all the concentrations used. Furthermore, it was observed that this oil was also responsible for the inhibition of oviposition and had excellent repellent activity at 10% concentration. Based on the study, we can conclude that the oil of A. indica can be used in an integrated tick management system to reduce the tick burden on animals.
蜱虫是吸血寄生虫,世界各地都有,尤其是在印度等潮湿和亚湿润国家。它们是许多具有重要经济价值的家畜疾病(如阿那普拉斯马属、巴贝斯氏菌属和泰勒氏菌属)的重要传播媒介。蜱虫是从莫沃及其周边地区有组织和无组织的养牛场采集的。最初采集的蜱虫样本(≤200 只)在自来水中清洗后被鉴定为 Rhipicephalus microplus。研究于 2021 年 6 月至 2022 年 5 月进行。在成虫浸泡试验和幼虫浸泡试验中,分别用 0.625、1.25、2.50、5 和 10% 的 Azadirachta indica 油处理蜱虫。所有浓度都是用绝对乙醇配制的。本研究使用不同浓度(x/8、x/4、x/2、x 和 2x)的氟虫腈作为阳性对照,用蒸馏水配制。成虫和幼虫对氟虫腈的半致死浓度分别为 1.03 和 1.12 ppm。研究结果表明,在所有使用浓度下,Azadirachta indica 油都能导致成虫(LC50 = 2.70%)和幼虫(LC50 = 1.27%)死亡。此外,我们还观察到,这种油还能抑制卵生,并且在 10% 浓度时具有极佳的驱虫活性。根据这项研究,我们可以得出结论:籼稻油可以用于蜱虫综合管理系统,以减少动物身上的蜱虫负担。
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引用次数: 0
Butterfly Abundance and Diversity in Different Habitat Types in the Usangu Area, Ruaha National Park 鲁阿哈国家公园乌桑古地区不同生境类型中的蝴蝶丰度和多样性
IF 1.1 Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8833655
Evaline J. Munisi, E. Masenga, Ally K. Nkwabi, H. Kiwango, Eblate E. Mjingo
Insects are key fauna species that respond quickly to disturbances and environmental changes. They act as good indicators of habitat, community, or ecosystem quality. Among the great diversity of insects, butterflies stand as ideal bio-indicators for ecosystem function and are sensitive to changes in habitat composition and structure. This study was carried out to examine the diversity and abundance of butterflies across the restored habitats in Usangu area part of Ruaha National Park (RUNAPA) from May 2022 to June 2022 using the walking transect method supplemented by sweep nets and butterfly baited traps. A total of six transects of 1 km in length were laid in the four main habitat types selected in Usangu area including grassland, Miombo woodland, Vachellia/Commiphora woodland, and riverine forest. Searches were conducted in the morning and evening. The Miombo woodland and riverine forest habitats exhibited relatively higher species diversity, richness, evenness, abundance, and a higher number of habitat-restricted species, while Vachellia/Commiphora woodland and grassland habitats recorded the lowest diversity and abundance as well as the lowest number of habitat-restricted species. Family Nymphalidae was the most dominant followed by Pieridae while Papilionidae and Hesperiidae were scarce in the study area. This study clearly shows the importance of Miombo woodland and riverine forest habitats in sustaining rich butterfly diversity and abundance in Usangu area. The two habitats must be effectively managed and conserved for sustaining ecological health and integrity of Usangu area. The Usangu area’s Miombo woodland and riverine forest habitats have immense potential for butterfly tourism and they can offer an excellent opportunity to promote conservation efforts and raise public awareness. However, it is crucial to monitor these habitats closely as any environmental changes that may occur could harm the butterfly diversity and abundance in the area. Preserving this wilderness to maintain a thriving butterfly population is of utmost importance.
昆虫是关键的动物物种,能对干扰和环境变化做出快速反应。它们是栖息地、群落或生态系统质量的良好指标。在种类繁多的昆虫中,蝴蝶是生态系统功能的理想生物指标,对栖息地组成和结构的变化非常敏感。本研究于 2022 年 5 月至 2022 年 6 月期间在鲁阿哈国家公园(RUNAPA)乌桑古地区的恢复栖息地开展,采用步行横断面法,辅以扫网和蝴蝶诱饵诱捕器,研究蝴蝶的多样性和丰度。在乌桑古地区选定的四种主要栖息地类型中,包括草地、米翁博林地、瓦切利亚/仲马林地和河岸森林,共布设了六条长度为 1 公里的横断面。搜索在早晨和傍晚进行。Miombo林地和河岸森林栖息地的物种多样性、丰富度、均匀度和丰度相对较高,栖息地限制物种的数量也较多,而Vachellia/Commiphora林地和草地栖息地的物种多样性和丰度最低,栖息地限制物种的数量也最少。在研究区域内,蛱蝶科最主要,其次是墩蝶科,而蜻蜓科和鹤虱科则很少。这项研究清楚地表明了米翁博林地和河流森林栖息地在维持乌桑古地区丰富的蝴蝶多样性和数量方面的重要性。必须对这两种栖息地进行有效管理和保护,以维持乌桑古地区的生态健康和完整性。乌桑古地区的米翁博林地和河岸森林栖息地在蝴蝶旅游方面具有巨大潜力,也是促进保护工作和提高公众意识的绝佳机会。然而,密切监测这些栖息地至关重要,因为任何可能发生的环境变化都会损害该地区的蝴蝶多样性和数量。保护这片荒野以维持蝴蝶种群的繁荣至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Genome Resequencing of the Honeybee Apis mellifera jemenetica (Hymenoptera: Apidae): A Key Tool towards Characterization, Conservation, and Genomic Selection 蜜蜂(Apis mellifera jemenetica,膜翅目:猿科)基因组重测序:表征、保护和基因组选择的关键工具
IF 1.1 Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6627723
A. Alghamdi, Y. Alattal
We report the whole-genome sequence of the Arabian honeybee (Apis mellifera jemenetica). Seven A. m. jemenetica samples were sequenced representing three distinct subpopulations. Generated sequence reads were mapped to the reference honeybee Apis mellifera genome (Amel_HAv3.1). Data revealed genome-wide patterns of genetic variation which can be useful in the characterization and assessment of positive selection of the Arabian honeybee using different genetic markers. In total, 75.16 Gb of clean bases were generated, and the GC content of samples ranged between 31.9 and 35.3%. The effective reference genome size is 223,937,270 bp. The mapping rate of samples varied from 88.97% to 96.19%, and the effective mapping depth was between 41.80 and 48.84X. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among sequenced individuals ranged between 2379499 and 2396116 with respect to the reference A. mellifera genome (Amel_HAv3.1), and 2% of the SNPs were nonsynonymous. Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) detected 1097962–1109829 InDels and 10090–11962 structural variations (SV) from which 22.1 to 33.8% were in the form of deletions. Copy number variation (CNV) ranged between 550 and 2824, and 45–91% of them were downregulated. These variations among interbreeding individuals or groups of the same species may reflect an adaptive environmental response and fitness among different subpopulations and can be very useful for subspecies characterization, conservation, and selection of the Arabian honeybee.
我们报告了阿拉伯蜜蜂(Apis mellifera jemenetica)的全基因组序列。我们对代表三个不同亚群的七个 A. m. jemenetica 样本进行了测序。生成的序列读数被映射到参考蜜蜂 Apis mellifera 基因组(Amel_HAv3.1)。数据揭示了全基因组的遗传变异模式,有助于利用不同的遗传标记对阿拉伯蜜蜂进行特征描述和正向选择评估。总共生成了 75.16 Gb 的干净碱基,样本的 GC 含量介于 31.9% 和 35.3% 之间。有效参考基因组大小为 223,937,270 bp。样本的映射率在 88.97% 到 96.19% 之间,有效映射深度在 41.80 到 48.84X 之间。与参考 A. mellifera 基因组(Amel_HAv3.1)相比,测序个体的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)介于 2379499 和 2396116 之间,其中 2% 的 SNPs 是非同义词。基因组分析工具包(GATK)检测到 1097962-1109829 个 InDels 和 10090-11962 个结构变异(SV),其中 22.1%-33.8%为缺失形式。拷贝数变异(CNV)介于 550 和 2824 之间,其中 45-91% 为下调。同一物种的杂交个体或群体之间的这些变异可能反映了不同亚群对环境的适应性反应和适应能力,对阿拉伯蜜蜂的亚种特征描述、保护和选择非常有用。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence and Pathogenicity of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolates to Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) in Western Amhara, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚西阿姆哈拉地区本地昆虫病原真菌分离物对秋季陆军虫(Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith)的发生和致病性
IF 1.1 Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7444094
Mequanint Andualem Mekonnen, Gebremariam Asaye Emirie, Solomon Yilma Mitiku, B. N. Hailemariam, Melkamu Birhanie Mekonnen, Anteneh Ademe Mengistu
The fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) is widely recognized as an invasive lepidopteran pest in Africa. Adoption of synthetic pesticides remains an option for emergency control of the FAW, but their large-scale use by small-scale farmers is costly and environmentally unsafe. Management options based on entomopathogenic fungi could minimize risks for health and the environment. In our study, the occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in different habitats along with their pathogenicity to fall armyworm was examined. A total of 56 soil samples were collected from three locations. A standard isolation method, baited with the wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella), was used for the isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from soil. Twelve entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from the total soil samples collected. It was observed that Metarhizium spp. was more frequent and widespread than Beauveria spp. and their occurrence was high in the forest habitat. Pathogenicity of indigenous entomopathogenic fungi isolates on fall armyworm larvae was tested by applying conidial suspension containing 1 × 108 spores/ml. All of the isolates tested were pathogenic to larvae of fall armyworm, with mortalities varying from 30 to 80% at 10 days posttreatment. Our results suggest that native entomopathogenic fungi could be integrated for the management of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae.
秋虫(Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith)是非洲公认的入侵性鳞翅目害虫。采用合成杀虫剂仍是紧急控制秋季虫害的一种选择,但小规模农户大规模使用这些杀虫剂不仅成本高昂,而且对环境不安全。基于昆虫病原真菌的管理方案可以最大限度地降低对健康和环境的风险。在我们的研究中,我们考察了不同生境中昆虫病原真菌的发生情况及其对秋季军虫的致病性。我们从三个地点共采集了 56 份土壤样本。采用标准的分离方法,以蜡蛾幼虫(Galleria mellonella)为诱饵,从土壤中分离昆虫病原真菌。从收集到的全部土壤样本中分离出了 12 种昆虫病原真菌。据观察,在森林栖息地中,Metarhizium 菌属比 Beauveria 菌属更常见、更普遍。通过施用含 1 × 108 个孢子/毫升的分生孢子悬浮液,测试了本地昆虫病原真菌分离物对秋季军虫幼虫的致病性。测试的所有分离菌株都能对秋刺吸虫幼虫致病,处理后 10 天的死亡率从 30% 到 80% 不等。我们的研究结果表明,本地昆虫病原真菌可用于综合防治鞘翅目幼虫。
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引用次数: 0
Lavender and Geranium Essential Oil-Loaded Nanogels with Promising Repellent and Antibacterial Effects 薰衣草和天竺葵精油载体纳米凝胶具有良好的驱蚊和抗菌效果
IF 1.1 Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9911066
Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi, Abbas Abdollahi, Zahra Montaseri, Mojdeh Safari, Mahsa Rostami Chaijan, M. Osanloo
Malaria and bacterial infections remain a life-threatening disease with a significant global impact. This study aimed to develop nanogels (NGs) of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) and geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér.) essential oils (EOs) with promising repellent and antibacterial effects. The NGs were formulated using a nanoemulsion-based gel approach; nanoemulsion droplet sizes and zeta potentials were obtained as 146 ± 7 and 106 ± 6 nm and −23.2 ± 0.7 and −17.4 ± 1 mV, respectively. The ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed the successful loading of EOs in NGs. Repellent bioassays conducted on Anopheles stephensi Liston. mosquitoes demonstrated that geranium NG (140 min) was as effective as DEET (140 min), a widely used repellent. Antibacterial tests showed that the nanogels effectively reduced bacterial growth, with the geranium NG exhibiting over 90% reduction against Escherichia coli Migula. The lavender NG displayed higher efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach. These findings highlighted the potential of nanogels containing EOs as promising repellents and antibacterial agents, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for vector control and bacterial infections.
疟疾和细菌感染仍然是一种威胁生命的疾病,对全球具有重大影响。本研究旨在开发具有良好驱蚊和抗菌效果的薰衣草(Lavandula angustifolia Mill.)和天竺葵(Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér.)精油(EOs)纳米凝胶(NGs)。采用基于纳米乳液的凝胶方法配制了 NGs;纳米乳液液滴尺寸和 Zeta 电位分别为 146 ± 7 和 106 ± 6 nm,以及 -23.2 ± 0.7 和 -17.4 ± 1 mV。ATR-FTIR 分析证实了在 NGs 中成功添加了环氧乙烷。对列斯顿按蚊进行的驱蚊生物测定表明,天竺葵 NG(140 分钟)与广泛使用的驱蚊剂 DEET(140 分钟)同样有效。抗菌测试表明,纳米凝胶能有效减少细菌生长,其中天竺葵 NG 对大肠杆菌 Migula 的抑制率超过 90%。薰衣草 NG 对金黄色葡萄球菌 Rosenbach 具有更高的功效。这些发现凸显了含有环氧乙烷的纳米凝胶作为驱虫剂和抗菌剂的潜力,为病媒控制和细菌感染提供了一种可持续的环保方法。
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引用次数: 0
Biology of the Endemic Endangered Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio desmondi teita (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), on Wild Citrus Species in Taita Hills, Kenya 肯尼亚泰塔山野生柑橘上特有濒危凤尾蝶(鳞翅目:凤尾蝶科)的生物学特征
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5538627
Oliver C. Genga, Namikoye E. Samita, Ruth Kahuthia-Gathu, Esther N. Kioko
The Taita Hills swallowtail butterfly, Papilio desmondi teita, was reared in captivity on wild citrus (Rutaceae), Toddalia asiatica and Clausena anisata, in Ngangao Forest, Taita Hills, Kenya. The butterflies were exposed to the host plants for oviposition inside the laying buckets under ambient laboratory conditions. Results revealed that P. desmondi teita could only complete development on T. asiatica and but not on C. anisata in both seasons. The egg incubation period on T. asiatica was significantly shorter ( P < 0.001) compared to C. anisata during the first season ( P = 0.595) but not in the second season. The development period of the butterfly in 1st and 2nd seasons on T. asiatica was 81.13 ± 0.44 days and 112.15 ± 1.20 days, respectively, while a female-biased sex ratio was observed in the first and second seasons. Findings from this study indicate that T. asiatica was the most suitable host plant for development of P. desmondi teita.
在肯尼亚泰塔山Ngangao森林,人工饲养泰塔山燕尾蝶(Papilio desmondi teita)于野生柑橘(芦果科)、亚洲棕榈(Toddalia asiatica)和香柳(Clausena anisata)上。在实验室环境条件下,蝴蝶在产蛋桶内与寄主植物接触产卵。结果表明,在两个季节中,小蠹蛾只在亚洲柽柳上发育完成,而在三叶草上发育不完成。卵潜伏期显著缩短(P <P = 0.595),而第二季则无显著差异。第一季和第二季在亚洲云蝶上的发育期分别为81.13±0.44天和112.15±1.20天,第一季和第二季存在雌性偏倚的性别比例。本研究结果表明,亚洲毛竹是小蠹蛾发育最适宜的寄主植物。
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引用次数: 0
Current Knowledge and Perception of Edible Grasshopper/Locusts’ Consumption in Western Kenya 目前对肯尼亚西部食用蚱蜢/蝗虫消费的认识和认知
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7034224
Sylvia Mmbone, Linnet Gohole, F. M. Fredrick Wanjala
Edible insects play an important role as a protein source of high-nutritional value in the western region of Kenya. However, current knowledge on edible grasshopper/locust species consumed in western Kenya and the perception towards these insects as an alternative protein source are not well documented. A questionnaire was issued to 901 respondents in four counties of western Kenya. The results showed that 91.6% of the respondents had heard that grasshoppers/locusts are edible insects and that 51.2% of the respondents had consumed them. The most frequently identified edible species was Cyrtacanthacris tatarica, with 58.6% cases followed by Schistocerca gregaria (25.7%), while Ruspolia differens was the least identified (1.2%). The majority of the consumers (60.0%) were introduced to entomophagy by their relatives, fewer by their friends (34.0%), and 5.7% by themselves. For those who had never eaten them, 53.8% were unwilling to try, while 11.9% were willing. On availability in the market, 97.9% indicated having never bought, while only 2.1% had bought the insect. The highly preferred method of cooking was smoking/roasting at 53.3%. The majority at 50.1% indicated the willingness to rear, while 21.0% were undecided. The frequency of the respondents who highly preferred to rear the insect for food and feed was 50.4%. The results suggest that the study population has knowledge of edible grasshopper/locust species and is willing to rear edible insects as an alternative protein food source.
在肯尼亚西部地区,食用昆虫作为高营养价值的蛋白质来源发挥着重要作用。然而,目前关于肯尼亚西部食用的蚱蜢/蝗虫物种的知识以及对这些昆虫作为替代蛋白质来源的看法并没有得到很好的记录。向肯尼亚西部四个县的901名回答者发放了问卷。调查结果显示,91.6%的受访者听说过蚱蜢/蝗虫是可食用昆虫,51.2%的受访者食用过蚱蜢/蝗虫。鉴定最多的食用菌是鞑靼棘蟹(Cyrtacanthacris tatarica),占58.6%;其次是格里格尔血吸虫(Schistocerca gregaria),占25.7%;大多数消费者(60.0%)是由亲戚介绍的,少部分是由朋友介绍的(34.0%),5.7%是由自己介绍的。在从未吃过的人中,53.8%的人不愿意尝试,11.9%的人愿意尝试。在市场上,97.9%的人表示从未购买过,而只有2.1%的人购买过昆虫。最受欢迎的烹调方法是烟熏/烤,占53.3%。50.1%的人表示愿意养狗,21.0%的人表示不确定。受访者高度偏好饲养昆虫作为食物和饲料的频率为50.4%。结果表明,研究人群对可食用的蚱蜢/蝗虫种类有一定的了解,并愿意饲养可食用昆虫作为蛋白质的替代食物来源。
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引用次数: 0
Mass Trapping of Live Male Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae): Interaction between Trap Types and Period of Trapping 桔小实蝇(双翅目:绢小实蝇科)雄虫的大量诱捕:诱捕器类型与诱捕期的相互作用
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5575236
Enoch Selorm Kofi Ofori, Linus Dottey, Michael Yao Osae, John Abraham, Peter Kofi Kwapong
Mass trapping of insects involves the use of specific traps or devices that are designed to attract and capture a large number of adult insects, thereby reducing their population in the agricultural environment. This approach aims at disrupting the breeding cycle and proliferation of the target insect to minimize crop damage and economic losses. This study evaluated the efficiency of three trap types (Ecoman, Tephri, and Bucket funnel) and period of the day (morning, afternoon, and evening) in mass trapping of live male Bactrocera dorsalis and the survival of such catch over a period. The traps were deployed on selected trees following 3 × 3 factorial experiments. All the Bactrocera dorsalis caught in the traps were males. Ecoman traps caught the highest number of B. dorsalis in the mornings and evenings while Tephri traps caught the highest B. dorsalis in the afternoons. There was no significant difference in the survival of B. dorsalis in the three trap types after 24 hours. Correlation analysis showed that climatic factors played a significant role in trap catches. Bactrocera dorsalis caught in the evenings recorded higher percentage survival in all the three trap types than those caught during the morning and afternoon. The Ecoman trap was most efficient in trapping B. dorsalis. Hence, this study recommends the Ecoman trap for mass trapping live male B. dorsalis meant for further experiments such as irradiation studies.
大规模诱捕昆虫涉及使用特定的陷阱或装置,旨在吸引和捕获大量成虫,从而减少其在农业环境中的数量。这种方法旨在破坏目标昆虫的繁殖周期和增殖,以尽量减少作物损失和经济损失。本研究评估了三种诱捕器(Ecoman、Tephri和Bucket funnel)和时段(上午、下午和晚上)对桔小实蝇雄虫的大规模诱捕效果和成活率。诱捕器在选定的树木上进行3 × 3析因试验。诱捕器捕获的桔小实蝇均为雄性。Ecoman捕蝇器在上午和晚上捕蝇量最多,Tephri捕蝇器在下午捕蝇量最多。3种诱捕器在24 h后的存活率无显著差异。相关分析表明,气候因子对捕集器渔获量有显著影响。夜间捕获的桔小实蝇的存活率均高于上午和下午捕获的桔小实蝇。Ecoman诱捕器对背小蠊的诱捕效果最好。因此,本研究建议采用Ecoman诱捕器大规模诱捕雄性背背小蠊,用于进一步的实验,如辐照研究。
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引用次数: 0
Basic Developmental Characteristics of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Reared under Laboratory Conditions 实验室条件下饲养的秋粘虫,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)的基本发育特征
IF 1.1 Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6917316
D. Marri, Samuel Adjei Mensah, D. A. Kotey, J. Abraham, M. Billah, M. Osae
The life cycle of the invasive alien insect pest, fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), was studied using a colony established from field-collected larvae. Eggs, neonate larvae, and newly emerged adult moths were used in experiments to investigate the basic biology of the FAW. Adult females laid up to 1184 eggs with a mean of 469 ± 22 eggs per female. The incubation period of eggs and percentage hatchability were 2-3 days and 80–87%, respectively. The mean larval lengths from the first to the sixth instar were 4.63, 6.60, 9.76, 15.86, 25.13, and 27.81 mm, respectively. The mean larval weights were 0.003, 0.019, 0.045, 0.050, 0.060, and 0.067 g, respectively, for the six instars. The mean width of the head capsule of the sixth instar larva was 2.76 mm. The total larval duration throughout the six instar stages was 16–18 days, while the mean pupal weight was 0.25 ± 0.001 g and 0.35 ± 0.011 g for males and females, respectively. The mean pupal length was 14.3 ± 0.16 mm for males and 17.2 ± 0.14 mm for females. Pupal duration ranged from 8 to 14 days, with a mean of 10.35 ± 0.26 days, while the pupal emergence rate ranged from 60 to 94%, with a mean of 80.25 ± 1.28%. The life cycle of males lasted 33–44 days and that of females lasted 36–49 days under laboratory conditions. Adult copulation occurred between 8 and 11 pm, with the peak occurring at 9 pm. This study provides baseline information about the biology of the FAW. Apart from being an important reference point for future research on the FAW, the data provided would aid FAW management decision-making.
利用野外采集的幼虫建立的群落,研究了外来入侵害虫秋粘虫(FAW)、草地贪夜蛾(J.E.Smith)的生命周期。用卵、初生幼虫和新出现的成虫对FAW的基本生物学特性进行了研究。成年雌性产卵1184枚,平均469枚 ± 每只雌性22个卵子。卵的孵化期和孵化率为2-3 天和80-87%。从一龄到六龄的平均幼虫长度分别为4.63、6.60、9.76、15.86、25.13和27.81 mm。幼虫的平均重量分别为0.003、0.019、0.045、0.050、0.060和0.067 g、 分别为6龄。六龄幼虫头囊的平均宽度为2.76 整个六龄期的幼虫总持续时间为16-18 天,而平均蛹重为0.25 ± 0.001 g和0.35 ± 0.011 g分别代表雄性和雌性。平均蛹长14.3 ± 0.16 男性为mm,17.2 ± 0.14 雌性为毫米。瞳孔持续时间从8到14 天,平均10.35 ± 0.26 天,蛹羽化率为60-94%,平均为80.25 ± 1.28%。男性的生命周期为33-44 天,雌性持续36-49天 天。成虫交配发生在晚上8点到11点之间,高峰发生在晚上9点。这项研究提供了有关FAW生物学的基线信息。所提供的数据不仅是一汽未来研究的重要参考点,而且有助于一汽的管理决策。
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Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
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