Analysis of ultraviolet and thermal degradations of four common microplastics and evidence of nanoparticle release

IF 6.6 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Journal of hazardous materials letters Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI:10.1016/j.hazl.2023.100078
Laura M. Hernandez , Joel Grant , Parvin Shakeri Fard , Jeffrey M. Farner , Nathalie Tufenkji
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Abstract

Many environmental factors affect the breakdown of plastics in aquatic environments, including exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and elevated environmental temperatures. More studies are needed to understand how these stressors contribute to plastic degradation, resulting in the release of smaller plastic particles. We studied the impact of environmentally relevant UV and temperature (37 °C) weathering of four high-production volume plastics (polystyrene, polypropylene, low-density polyethylene, and high-density polyethylene) suspended in water. Particle release was detected, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nanoparticles were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Weathering resulted in the release of micro- and nanoparticles that exhibited a plastic signature corresponding to the parent microplastic. Nanoparticle release is broadly correlated with an increase in the carbonyl index of the parent microplastic. Aged microplastics were characterized for physical and chemical changes. The impact of weathering on microplastic surface hardness and polymer oxidation depended on material type and environmental factors. Few to no particles were observed in controls, including controls that contained microplastics at 4 °C in dark conditions, highlighting the importance of weathering stimuli in particle release. These results show that plastic degradation needs to consider both the parent microplastic and the smaller particles that are formed.

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四种常见微塑料的紫外线和热降解分析及纳米颗粒释放的证据
许多环境因素影响塑料在水生环境中的分解,包括暴露于紫外线(UV)照射和环境温度升高。需要更多的研究来了解这些压力源如何导致塑料降解,从而释放出更小的塑料颗粒。我们研究了悬浮在水中的四种大批量塑料(聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、低密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯)的环境相关紫外线和温度(37°C)风化的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)检测颗粒释放,纳米颗粒跟踪分析(NTA)定量。风化作用导致微颗粒和纳米颗粒的释放,这些微颗粒表现出与母体微塑料相对应的塑性特征。纳米颗粒释放与母体微塑料羰基指数的增加广泛相关。老化微塑料的物理和化学变化进行了表征。风化对微塑料表面硬度和聚合物氧化的影响取决于材料类型和环境因素。在对照组中,包括在4°C的黑暗条件下含有微塑料的对照组,几乎没有观察到颗粒,这突出了风化刺激在颗粒释放中的重要性。这些结果表明,塑料降解既需要考虑母体微塑料,也需要考虑形成的较小颗粒。
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来源期刊
Journal of hazardous materials letters
Journal of hazardous materials letters Pollution, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Environmental Engineering
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
20 days
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