Causative agents of campylo-bacteriosis of birds – etiological factors of toxicoinfections in humans

Abstract

This article is devoted to the problems of the emergence among the population of acute intestinal infectious diseases of a zoonotic nature caused by campylobacteriosis. According to WHO estimates, for many years the dominant cause in the development of acute intestinal infectious diseases in humans of a zoonotic nature is campylobacteriosis, which has recently surpassed salmonellosis in prevalence. Campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic infectious disease of agricultural, domestic and wild birds, animals and humans, caused by microorganisms of the genus Campylobacter, characterized by varying degrees of severity and polymorphism manifestations. Bacteria of the Campylobacter genus are ubiquitous in nature, they are present in the body of poultry and animals. The main reservoirs of Campylobacter are wild and domestic birds, primarily chickens. The high infection rate of C. jejuni of poultry flocks leads to more frequent detection of these bacteria in various types of poultry products. As a result, raw materials and poultry products are considered the main source of excretion and transmission factor of campylobacteriosis pathogens, posing the greatest risk to human health, since chicken meat and eggs occupy one of the dominant places in the population's diet. A high percentage of C. jejuni bacteria carriers among poultry, in case of violation of veterinary and sanitary measures in the farm and against the background of other latent infections, can cause significant economic damage to poultry farming due to a decrease in egg production, weight, mortality of poultry and an increase in the cost of health measures. Today, the system for controlling the spread of campylobacteriosis in poultry farms and at poultry processing enterprises is based on the use of general veterinary-zoo hygienic and antiepizootic measures, which does not always prevent infection of poultry, poultry products and, accordingly, people. In this regard, the development of a National Program for the Control of Campylobacteriosis in Poultry Farms of the Russian Federation in order to ensure the epidemiological well-being of the population is relevant.