Toward a Chinese model: De-Sovietization reforms of China’s higher education in the 1980s and 1990s

W. Shen, Han Zhang, Chao Liu
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The reform and success of China’s higher education since 1978 has attracted much attention in recent years. This article attempts to understand the nature of this reform from the perspective of de-Sovietization, outside the mainstream neoliberal and internationalization narratives. In the 1950s, China’s higher education was completely reformed by the Soviet Model with features of separating teaching and research, excessive specialization in undergraduate education, and high centralization. Moreover, Chinese institutions were increasingly disconnected from the international academic community. During the 1980s and 1990s, China started de-Sovietization reform and took measures to strengthen general education, develop comprehensive universities, integrate teaching and scientific research, and expand the autonomy of colleges and universities. De-Sovietization reform was also a process of relearning from Western countries, of which learning from the American experience was prominent. In this process, Chinese universities resumed ties with the international academic community. De-Sovietization reform has left an important impact on the development of contemporary universities in China.
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走向中国模式:上世纪八九十年代中国高等教育的去苏维埃化改革
自1978年以来,中国高等教育的改革和成功引起了人们的广泛关注。本文试图从去苏维埃化的角度,在主流的新自由主义和国际化叙事之外,理解这种改革的本质。20世纪50年代,中国高等教育全面按照苏联模式进行改革,其特点是教研分离、本科教育过度专业化、高度集权。此外,中国的学术机构与国际学术界越来越脱节。20世纪80年代至90年代,中国开始了去苏联化改革,采取了加强通识教育、发展综合性大学、教学与科研一体化、扩大高校自主权等措施。去苏联化改革也是一个向西方国家再学习的过程,其中对美国经验的学习尤为突出。在此过程中,中国大学恢复了与国际学术界的联系。去苏联化改革对中国当代大学的发展产生了重要影响。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Chinese Education
International Journal of Chinese Education Social Sciences-Education
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Chinese Education (IJCE) is a result of the collaboration between Brill Academic Publishers and the Institute of Education at Tsinghua University. It aims to strengthen Chinese academic exchanges and cooperation with other countries in order to improve Chinese educational research and promote Chinese educational development. Through collaboration among scholars in and outside of China who are dedicated to the investigation of Chinese education, this journal aims to raise Chinese educational research levels, further recognize and solve Chinese educational problems, inform Chinese educational policies and decisions, and promote Chinese educational reform and development. This journal welcomes empirical as well as theoretical studies on particular educational issues and/or policies.
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