Bidirectional Associations Between Self-Perceptions of Aging and Processing Speed Across 3 Years

A. Seidler, J. K. Wolff
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引用次数: 26

Abstract

Background: Previous studies point to a potential relationship between self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and cognitive performance. However, most of these studies are limited by their experimental design. Previous longitudinal studies looked solely at memory as an outcome variable without examining the directionality of effects. The present study examines the direction of effects between two domains of SPA (personal growth and physical losses) and processing speed (PS). Methods: The sample consists of 8,198 participants of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS), aged between 40 and 93 years. A cross-lagged path model was estimated to examine directions of relationships across 3 years via chi-squared difference tests for each domain of SPA. Results: In the unconstrained models, the effect of SPA domain personal growth in 2008 on PS in 2011 and vice versa were marginally significant. For SPA domain physical losses, the effect of SPA on PS was significant, whereas the other direction of the effect did not reach significance. However, the cross-lagged paths of both domains of SPA on PS and vice versa could be set equal without a significant loss of model fit. The resulting associations indicate a significant bidirectional relationship between both domains of SPA and PS. Discussion and conclusion: This study provides initial evidence that SPA can influence trajectories of cognitive decline and vice versa. The results emphasize the detrimental and beneficial effects that stereotypes can have on individuals and add further evidence to the theory of stereotype embodiment.
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3年内衰老自我认知与加工速度的双向关联
背景:先前的研究指出,衰老的自我感知(SPA)与认知表现之间存在潜在的关系。然而,这些研究大多受到实验设计的限制。以前的纵向研究只将记忆作为一个结果变量,而没有考察影响的方向性。本研究考察了SPA(个人成长和身体损失)和处理速度(PS)两个领域之间的影响方向。方法:该样本由德国老龄化调查(DEAS)的8198名参与者组成,年龄在40至93岁之间。估计了一个交叉滞后路径模型,通过SPA每个领域的卡方差分检验来检验3年内的关系方向。结果:在无约束模型中,2008年SPA领域个人成长对2011年PS的影响略为显著,反之亦然。对于SPA域的物理损失,SPA对PS的影响是显著的,而另一个方向的影响没有达到显著性。然而,PS上SPA的两个域的交叉滞后路径(反之亦然)可以设置为相等,而不会显著损失模型拟合。由此产生的关联表明SPA和PS两个领域之间存在显著的双向关系。讨论和结论:本研究提供了初步证据,证明SPA可以影响认知能力下降的轨迹,反之亦然。研究结果强调了刻板印象对个体的有害和有益影响,并为刻板印象的具体化理论提供了进一步的证据。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
30
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