Flight activity of wood- and bark-boring insects at New Zealand ports

IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI:10.33494/nzjfs502020x132x
S. Pawson, J. L. Kerr, C. Somchit, C. Wardhaugh
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

Background: Bark- and wood-boring forest insects spread via international trade. Surveys frequently target new arrivals to mitigate establishment. Alternatively, monitoring pest activity in exporting countries can inform arrival and establishmentrisk. Methods: We report >3 years data from daily sampling of bark- and wood-boring insects that are associated with recently felled Pinus radiata D.Don at five New Zealand ports. Results: Average catch differed between ports and months with Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant), Hylurgus ligniperda F., and Hylastes ater (Paykull) comprising 99.6% of the total catch. Arhopalus ferus was absent during winter with Hylastes ater and Hylurgus ligniperda activity between June and August representing 3.5 and 3.7% of total catch, respectively. Maximum temperature and wind speed influenced flight activity of all three species but not universally across all ports. Flight activity transitioned to a nonlinear pattern above 20°C. Arhopalus ferus has a unimodal flight risk period between late-September and late-April. Hylastes ater was also unimodal except in Dunedin where it was bimodal like Hylurgus ligniperda was in all regions with spring and mid- to late-summer activity periods. Although Hylastes ater was observed during winter, the probability of a flight event during winter was between 0 and 0.02 per week. Hylurgus ligniperda flight probability was zero in Dunedin and low at all other ports from May  to August. Conclusions: Modelling seasonal changes in flight probability can inform risk-based phytosanitary measures. We demonstrate the utility of maximum temperature and seasonality as a predictor of wood commodity infestation risk. Such predictors allow National Plant Protection Organisations to develop standards that protect the post-treatment phytosanitary security of individual consignments.
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新西兰港口木材和树皮蛀虫的飞行活动
背景:树皮和木材蛀虫通过国际贸易传播。调查经常以新移民为目标,以减轻建制。另外,在出口国监测有害生物活动可以为入境和确定风险提供信息。方法:我们报告了在新西兰五个港口对最近被砍伐的辐射松(Pinus radiata d.d don)相关的树皮和木材蛀虫的每日采样数据。结果:不同港口和月份的平均捕获量不同,其中ferus Arhopalus (Mulsant)、Hylurgus ligniperda F.和hyllastater (Paykull)占总捕获量的99.6%。在冬季,黑桫椤(Arhopalus ferus)不存在,6 ~ 8月,黑桫椤(Hylastes ater)和木叶桫椤(Hylurgus ligniperda)活跃,分别占总渔获量的3.5%和3.7%。最高温度和风速对三种鸟类的飞行活动都有影响,但在所有港口的影响并不普遍。飞行活动在20°C以上转变为非线性模式。在9月下旬至4月下旬之间,阿霍帕卢斯有单峰飞行风险期。除达尼丁为双峰型外,水螅也呈单峰型。在春季和夏中末活动期,水螅均呈双峰型。虽然在冬季观察到水螅,但冬季飞行事件的概率在每周0到0.02之间。5月至8月期间,达尼丁港的木脂藻飞行概率为零,其他所有港口的木脂藻飞行概率均较低。结论:模拟飞行概率的季节变化可以为基于风险的植物检疫措施提供信息。我们证明了最高温度和季节性作为木材商品侵染风险的预测因子的效用。这样的预测使国家植物保护组织能够制定标准,保护单个货物的处理后植物检疫安全。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.20
自引率
13.30%
发文量
20
审稿时长
39 weeks
期刊介绍: The New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science is an international journal covering the breadth of forestry science. Planted forests are a particular focus but manuscripts on a wide range of forestry topics will also be considered. The journal''s scope covers forestry species, which are those capable of reaching at least five metres in height at maturity in the place they are located, but not grown or managed primarily for fruit or nut production.
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