{"title":"Parton Distributions in Nucleons and Nuclei","authors":"J. Ethier, E. Nocera","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-011720-042725","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We review the current status of parton distribution function (PDF) determinations for unpolarized and longitudinally polarized protons and for unpolarized nuclei, which are probed by high-energy hadronic scattering in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD). We present the established theoretical framework, the experimental information, and the methodological aspects inherent to any modern PDF extraction. Furthermore, we summarize the present knowledge of PDFs and discuss their limitations in both accuracy and precision relevant to advancing our understanding of QCD proton substructure and pursuing our quest for precision in the Standard Model and beyond. In this respect, we highlight various achievements, discuss contemporary issues in PDF analyses, and outline future directions of progress.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1000,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-011720-042725","citationCount":"89","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-011720-042725","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSICS, NUCLEAR","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 89
Abstract
We review the current status of parton distribution function (PDF) determinations for unpolarized and longitudinally polarized protons and for unpolarized nuclei, which are probed by high-energy hadronic scattering in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD). We present the established theoretical framework, the experimental information, and the methodological aspects inherent to any modern PDF extraction. Furthermore, we summarize the present knowledge of PDFs and discuss their limitations in both accuracy and precision relevant to advancing our understanding of QCD proton substructure and pursuing our quest for precision in the Standard Model and beyond. In this respect, we highlight various achievements, discuss contemporary issues in PDF analyses, and outline future directions of progress.
期刊介绍：
The Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science is a publication that has been available since 1952. It focuses on various aspects of nuclear and particle science, including both theoretical and experimental developments. The journal covers topics such as nuclear structure, heavy ion interactions, oscillations observed in solar and atmospheric neutrinos, the physics of heavy quarks, the impact of particle and nuclear physics on astroparticle physics, and recent advancements in accelerator design and instrumentation.
One significant recent change in the journal is the conversion of its current volume from gated to open access. This conversion was made possible through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program. As a result, all articles published in the current volume are now freely available to the public under a CC BY license. This change allows for greater accessibility and dissemination of research in the field of nuclear and particle science.
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