[Neonatal pain assessment scales: An integrative reviewEscalas de avaliaao da dor neonatal: uma revisao integrativa].

Abstract

Introduction: Since infants are not able to express their feelings during the preverbal stage of development, neonatal pain rating scales are good tools for nurses to use in clinical practice.

Objective: To describe valid and reliable scales used in nursing practice to assess neonatal pain.

Materials and methods: An integrative review of articles published since 1990 was conducted from 2019 to 2020. The databases consulted were PubMed, Lilacs, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Embase, VHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar metasearch engine. Twenty-two articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed.

Results: Unidimensional and multidimensional instruments were found for assessing acute and prolonged pain in preterm and term neonates.

Discussion: This integrative review provides healthcare professionals, especially nurses, with a conceptual basis for implementing clinical pain assessment tools according to gestational age, duration of pain, and type of indicator.

Conclusions: According to the knowledge and characteristics of the scales, it is not possible to clearly establish the most appropriate one for general use or a gold standard; the selection will depend on different criteria, such as the type of stimulus, gestational age, and the newborn's context.