Revista Cuidarte最新文献

Introduction: Social frailty is a multidimensional concept that includes general and social resources, activities, and the fulfillment of needs; understanding and assessing it helps guide interventions for older adults.

Objective: To clarify the concept of social frailty in older adults to improve its application in research, clinical practice, and education.

Materials and methods: The Walker and Avant method was used to analyze social frailty in older adults, following stages such as concept selection, purpose definition, identification of uses, attributes, and related cases. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and CINAHL, along with manual searches of references and dictionaries.

Results: Social frailty in older adults is primarily defined as the loss of social resources, reduced ability to meet basic social needs, and diminished participation in meaningful activities such as maintaining close relationships, engaging in volunteering, having an occupation (paid or unpaid), and participating in religious or community activities. Factors such as loneliness, isolation, and lack of social support are associated with negative health outcomes.

Discussion: Social frailty must be addressed from an interdisciplinary perspective. Health professionals should play an active role in identifying social frailty and implementing community-based strategies, psychosocial programs, and support networks that strengthen inclusion and social connection, thereby contributing to the prevention of functional and emotional decline.

Conclusion: Social frailty impacts the physical, mental, and emotional health of older adults, underscoring the importance of inclusive, preventive, and care-centered policies.

Introduction: In Chile, access to health care for deaf individuals faces communication and legal barriers.

Objective: To reveal the experiences of deaf people from a southern province of Chile regarding their health care access between February 2022 and February 2023.

Materials and methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted with deaf individuals who had accessed health services in the past year. Semi-structured personal interviews were conducted with the support of Chilean Sign Language interpreters.

Results: Participants aged 24 to 30 reported communication difficulties with health personnel, exacerbated by the lack of interpreters or facilitators trained in sign language, forcing them to rely on third parties and technological aids.

Discussion: The barriers identified in health care access align with existing literature; however, the limited number of studies on the Chilean context restricts local comparisons.

Conclusion: The findings highlight access barriers and issues in health care delivery, impacting care quality. Key challenges include improving physical spaces, communication strategies, health literacy, training, and culturally competent care.

Introduction: The global population aging and the rise in chronic diseases pose challenges in the care of hospitalized older adults. Factors such as hope and resilience may influence their recovery.

Objective: To determine the relationship between resilience and successful aging with hope in hospitalized older adults.

Materials and methods: A correlational-predictive study was conducted with 385 hospitalized older adults in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Validated instruments were used to measure hope, resilience, and successful aging. Data were collected by the principal investigator across all work shifts during the first half of 2024.

Results: The mean age of participants was 70.65 ± 6.11 years, and 53.2% were women. The lesding causes of hospitalization were surgery (42.3%), acute illness (28.8%), and chronic disease (18.7%). Mean scores of resilience (76.34 ± 21.61), successful aging (60.76 ± 16.99), and hope (36.27 ± 6.64) were obtained. Resilience and successful aging were significant predictors of hope, accounting for 15% of its variance (p < 0.05).

Discussion: The relationships found align with findings from other research.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that strengthening resilience and promoting successful aging may help sustain hope in hospitalized older adults, providing a foundation for future clinical interventions.

Introduction: Significant challenges currently exist in addressing patients' preferences regarding end-of-life care, particularly in the context of advance care planning.

Objective: To understand advance care planning at the end of life in people with cancer in palliative care in Medellin Colombia.

Materials and methods: This study used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of nine patients with advanced cancer. In-depth interviews were conducted, focusing on patients' understanding of advanced care planning. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis to identify major themes related to advance care planning.

Results: Six key themes emerged from the data: (1) Clinging to life; (2) Decision delegation and reflective avoidance; (3) Silence to avoid suffering; (4) Resignation; (5) A quiet place; and (6) My legacy. These results describe the experiences of cancer patients in palliative care versus advanced care planning.

Discussion: The findings highlight the complexity of advanced care planning in advanced cancer patients in palliative care.

Conclusion: This study revealed barriers to care planning, including a lack of understanding of the palliative care process, communication difficulties, and cultural factors.

Introduction: Clinical evidence indicates that the low frequency of repositioning among trauma nurses contributes to pressure ulcers during hospitalization.

Objective: This study aimed to understand how trauma nurses address the need for repositioning patients in an emergency room and intensive care unit in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods: A qualitative descriptive design was employed, and the study was reported in accordance with COREQ guidelines and checklist. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses to explore how they interact with the need for repositioning patients. Rigor was ensured using the criteria established by Lincoln and Guba.

Results: Fifteen nurses from a large government hospital in Saudi Arabia participated in the study. The findings revealed that the policy's clarity, the presence of teamwork, and the level of managerial follow-up influenced nurses' decisions to proceed and perform repositioning. This procedure is often omitted due to delays in medical decision-making and workload. After deciding to proceed, factors such as nursing skill and the availability of the equipment influence repositioning practice.

Discussion: Clear policies, timely medical decisions, teamwork, manageable workloads, and managerial follow-up are critical in nurses' decisions to perform or delay patient repositioning. After deciding to proceed, nurses face a second critical step: assessing their abilities, equipment availability, and the patient's needs. Even with the intent to reposition, perceived skill gaps and inadequate equipment can significantly reduce the likelihood of completing the procedure.

Conclusion: Hospitals should support the processes by improving policies and the care system for trauma patients. Repositioning is the cornerstone of pressure ulcer prevention among trauma patients; therefore, work system-level changes are needed to ensure compliance.

Introduction: Diet and lifestyle habits have a direct impact on students' academic performance. Factors such as skipping breakfast, consuming ultra- processed foods, and lack of physical activity can negatively affect school achievement.

Objective: To identify the relationship between eating habits and academic performance among high school students at a public school during 2023.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 189 students. Sociodemographic variables, eating habits, nutritional status (body mass index and hemoglobin levels), sleep duration, and level of physical activity were assessed. Academic performance was measured using grade point averages and Saber test scores. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were performed.

Results: A total of 60.85% of students reported never eating breakfast or doing so less than once a week, with this behavior being more prevalent among those with lower academic performance. Sleeping eight hours per night (aOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 0.62-3.28) and engaging in regular physical activity (aOR = 5.81; 95% CI: 1.05-31.95) were associated with better academic results. No significant differences were found in terms of body mass index, hemoglobin levels, or consumption of vegetables, fruits, cereal grains, proteins, snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages.

Discussion: Various studies have demonstrated that nutrition plays a key role in cognitive development.

Conclusion: Healthy lifestyle habits such as regular breakfast consumption, adequate sleep, and physical activity positively influence academic performance. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen school-based strategies that promote a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle to enhance student achievement.

Introduction: In 2023, over 20,000 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapies were performed worldwide, underscoring the growing need for trained professionals in this intervention. However, standardized ECMO training programs for nurses remain limited and inconsistent.

Objective: To explore professional nurses' learning experiences in ECMO therapy.

Materials and methods: A qualitative, instrumental case study design was employed with nine ECMO nurses in Colombia, using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes that emerged from their experiences.

Results: The study revealed considerable variability in ECMO training, which included both formal and informal approaches. Participants reported gaps in theoretical knowledge and practical skills but highly valued the hands-on learning experiences provided by hospitals. Although socio-emotional skills-particularly stress management in critical care settings-were recognized as essential for building confidence, these skills were insufficiently addressed in training programs.

Discussion: While the lack of standardization and the importance of clinical practice and simulation in ECMO training programs are consistent with the existing literature, teaching social-emotional competencies remains an underexplored area.

Conclusion: These findings suggest the need for standardized ECMO educational programs that fully integrate technical, practical, and socio-emotional competencies and address the variability found in both formal and informal educational pathways. Reducing inconsistencies in the educational process could better equip nurses with the confidence to meet the demands of ECMO therapy, ultimately improving patient safety.

Introduction: Individuals with dementia are typically cared for at home by a family member who provides informal care, a role that can negatively affect their quality of life (QoL) and caregiving performance, thereby impacting the QoL of the person with dementia.

Objective: To examine the relationship between caregiver characteristics and the QoL reported by individuals with mild or moderate dementia.

Materials and methods: This quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational study involved 50 dyads comprising individuals with mild to moderate dementia and their caregivers. The variables assessed were the QoL of the person with dementia, caregiver competence, caregiver burden, caregiver QoL, attention, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, decision-making, and working memory.

Results: The study found significant correlations between caregiver competence, QoL, and burden/stress with the QoL of individuals with dementia. Executive function (inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility) was significantly associated with caregiver competence.

Discussion: Caregiver QoL is positively associated with the QoL of individuals with dementia; therefore, enhancing caregiver-related characteristics contributes to effective disease management and the well-being of the person with dementia.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates the impact of informal caregivers' competence, burden, and executive function on the QoL of individuals with dementia.

Introduction: The Internet Addiction Test is a psychometric instrument designed to assess and quantify the severity of internet addiction and explore aspects of internet misuse.

Objective: To confirm the factorial validity of the Internet Addiction Test in a sample of university students.

Materials and methods: A methodological study was conducted with 5,292 Brazilian university students. The data underwent confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency assessment.

Results: The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test yielded a value of 0.946, indicating that the sample was adequate. Factor analysis confirmed the existence of factors that fully align with the original American scale. The model showed satisfactory fit indices, including a Comparative Fit Index of 0.978, Tucker-Lewis Index of 0.976, Standardized Root Mean Residual of 0.053, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation of 0.054 [0.052-0.056], which are consistent with previously established satisfactory fit criteria. Factor loadings of the items were considered high, ranging from 0.43 (item I7) to 0.89 (item I17).

Discussion: The Internet Addiction Test's six-factor structure was validated, which is identical to that proposed by the original American version and was consistent with other studies that have also identified the same multifactorial structure of the original instrument. Therefore, psychiatric nurses can confidently use it when caring for young university students.

Conclusion: The Internet Addiction Test is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring internet addiction among university students and can be used by mental health nurses to identify such issues.