The effect of violent conflict on calorie consumption and dietary quality in Iraq

IF 3.4 2区 经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Journal of Agricultural Economics Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI:10.1111/1477-9552.12560
Marta Parigi
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Abstract

By combining 2012 Living Standard Measurement Survey cross-sectional survey responses and georeferenced conflict data, this study quantifies the effect of violent conflict on food security and dietary quality in Iraq. Specifically, it estimates the effect of physical insecurity on different food security dimensions, including caloric consumption and household dietary diversity. Because disrespecting war-related foreign national cemeteries is a war crime that discourages nearby fighting, instrumenting conflict intensity by the exogenous variation in distance between these sites and household place of residence addresses potential sources of bias. The instrumental variable analysis confirms the positive (negative) effect of conflict—deriving from state, non-state and one-sided violence (e.g., attacks by the Islamic State)—on per capita caloric consumption (household dietary diversity), which although counterintuitive is unsurprising given Iraq's relatively high-income levels and changes in dietary pattern. Given that the primary driver of conflict's positive effect on calories is increased consumption of carbohydrates and, to a lesser extent, saturated fat, these results suggest that in countries transitioning to Western-style diets, violent conflict may drive the population toward an unhealthier diet, contributing heavily to a growing national prevalence of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases.

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伊拉克暴力冲突对热量消耗和饮食质量的影响
本研究结合 2012 年生活水平衡量调查的横截面调查回答和地理参照的冲突数据,量化了暴力冲突对伊拉克粮食安全和饮食质量的影响。具体而言,它估算了物质不安全对不同粮食安全维度的影响,包括热量消耗和家庭饮食多样性。由于不尊重与战争有关的外国国家公墓是一种战争罪行,会阻碍附近的战斗,因此通过这些地点与家庭居住地之间距离的外生变化来衡量冲突强度,从而解决了潜在的偏差来源。工具变量分析证实了冲突--来自国家、非国家和单方面暴力(如伊斯兰国的袭击)--对人均热量消耗(家庭饮食多样性)的正(负)影响,尽管这与直觉相反,但考虑到伊拉克相对较高的收入水平和饮食模式的变化,这种影响并不令人惊讶。鉴于冲突对卡路里产生积极影响的主要驱动因素是碳水化合物消费量的增加,其次是饱和脂肪的增加,这些结果表明,在向西式膳食过渡的国家,暴力冲突可能会驱使人们采用更不健康的膳食,从而在很大程度上导致营养相关非传染性疾病的全国流行率不断上升。
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来源期刊
Journal of Agricultural Economics
Journal of Agricultural Economics 管理科学-农业经济与政策
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
2.90%
发文量
48
审稿时长
>24 weeks
期刊介绍: Published on behalf of the Agricultural Economics Society, the Journal of Agricultural Economics is a leading international professional journal, providing a forum for research into agricultural economics and related disciplines such as statistics, marketing, business management, politics, history and sociology, and their application to issues in the agricultural, food, and related industries; rural communities, and the environment. Each issue of the JAE contains articles, notes and book reviews as well as information relating to the Agricultural Economics Society. Published 3 times a year, it is received by members and institutional subscribers in 69 countries. With contributions from leading international scholars, the JAE is a leading citation for agricultural economics and policy. Published articles either deal with new developments in research and methods of analysis, or apply existing methods and techniques to new problems and situations which are of general interest to the Journal’s international readership.
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