Export development in New Zealand: Kiwifruit and seafood 1975–1985

Abstract

This paper discusses export development in New Zealand in the 1970s and 1980s with reference to the long-running literature about the sustainability of natural resource-based growth, export diversification, and the role of state regulation and encouragement. Since 1970 New Zealand's export commodity mix has diversified. Pastoral exports, once dominant, are complemented by seafood, wine, fruit, vegetables, forest products and a range of manufactured goods. Diversification of export markets and commodities was a priority for policymakers from the mid-1950s, and more so from the mid-1970s. Export incentives were a chosen instrument. Seafood and kiwifruit were among the most significant examples of primary sector diversification. The paper finds that the circumstances of each industry required different government policies, and that entrepreneurship and innovation were significant alongside government policy.