The phenotype of recovery VIII: Association among delay discounting, recovery capital, and length of abstinence among individuals in recovery from substance use disorders

Abstract

Introduction

Research defines recovery capital as the amount of tangible and intangible resources (e.g., human/personal, physical, social, and cultural) available to initiate and sustain recovery from substance use disorders (SUDs). An individual's amount of recovery capital is dynamic over time and influenced by a number of factors such as baseline amount at initiation of recovery/treatment, length of abstinence, access/availability of resources, and individual factors such as the decision to utilize available resources. Research has been proposed delay discounting (DD), which reflects an individual's relative preference for immediate versus delayed rewards, as a candidate behavioral marker for SUDs but has not yet examined it in the context of recovery capital, and DD may be an important aspect of human capital. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine associations among recovery capital, DD, and length of abstinence.

Methods

The study included in its analysis data from 111 individuals in recovery from SUDs from the International Quit and Recovery Registry, an ongoing data collection program used to further scientific understanding of recovery. The study assessed recovery capital using the Assessment of Recovery Capital (ARC) and assessed discounting rates using an adjusting-delay task. The study team performed univariate linear regression to examine the relationship between total ARC score and demographic variables, length of abstinence, and DD. The research team performed a mediation analysis to understand the role of length of abstinence in mediating the relationship between DD and ARC score.

Results

Total ARC score was significantly negatively associated with DD and positively associated with length of abstinence, even after adjusting for covariates. Mediation analysis indicated that length of abstinence significantly partially mediated the relationship between DD and ARC score.

Conclusion

These findings support the characterization of DD as an important aspect of human capital and a candidate behavioral marker for SUDs. Future research may wish to investigate whether interventions designed to increase the value of future rewards also increase recovery capital.