Ratima Waitongkham, Y. Pianroj, Teerasak Punvichai, S. Karrila, P. Chumkaew, Saysunee Jumrat
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Abstract In this study, the production of bio-oil by pyrolysis with microwave (MW) heating was tested experimentally. Two magnetrons with a total MW power of 1,600 W were used in the pyrolysis setup. The electric field strength was 185.38 V·m−2 at an MW frequency of 2.45 GHz. Cashew nut shells (CNS) or Cassia fistula pods (CFP) were pyrolyzed at 400°C, 500°C, or 600°C, with biomass-to-activated carbon ratio set at 70:30, 80:20, or 90:10. The largest yield of bio-oil was found for CNS at 600°C, and for CFP at 500°C, both with 90:10 ratio, achieving, respectively, 20.0% and 15.8% yields. When the bio-oil yields from CNS and CFP at 90:10 ratio and 400–600°C were analyzed with gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, the components found included acids, esters, ketones, furans, pyrans, guaiacol, syringol and phenols, and phenolic derivatives were the dominant type of compounds. There were 23.56% and 13.23% phenolic derivatives, respectively, in the bio-oils from CNS (at 500°C) and from CFP (at 400°C). An analysis with Folin–Ciocalteu reagent of the phenolic contents in bio-oils gave the respective ranges 146.83–164.83 mg·GAE·g·DW−1 and 39.34–45.91 mg·GAE·g DW−1 for CNS and CFP (both run with 90:10 ratio).
期刊介绍:
Green Processing and Synthesis is a bimonthly, peer-reviewed journal that provides up-to-date research both on fundamental as well as applied aspects of innovative green process development and chemical synthesis, giving an appropriate share to industrial views. The contributions are cutting edge, high-impact, authoritative, and provide both pros and cons of potential technologies. Green Processing and Synthesis provides a platform for scientists and engineers, especially chemists and chemical engineers, but is also open for interdisciplinary research from other areas such as physics, materials science, or catalysis.