The Nexus between Poverty, Inequality and Growth: A Case Study of Cameroon and Kenya

IF 1.4 3区 经济学 Q3 ECONOMICS Journal of African Economies Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI:10.1093/jae/ejac045
B. Epo, Francis Menjo Baye, G. Mwabu, M. Etyang, P. Gachanja
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Abstract

We conduct an in-depth analysis of the nexus between inequality of opportunity and inclusive growth in Cameroon and Kenya employing cross-sectional data collected over two time periods in each country. Empirical results show that changes in education, health and labour market endowments have large effects on household economic well-being, as proxied by total expenditures per adult equivalent. Employing the regression-based decomposition, we find that effort-based variables are associated with greater Gini inequality compared with circumstance-based variables—more so for Cameroon than Kenya. Among the effort-based variables, education in Cameroon and health in Kenya, are the main correlates of income inequality. The factual and counterfactual distribution analyses undertaken demonstrate that equalisation of human capital endowments is strongly inequality-reducing and further promotes pro-poor growth. Meanwhile, elimination of circumstance disparities in Cameroon reduces Gini inequality, enhances pro-poorness of the growth process, promotes shared-prosperity in urban areas and reduces inequality between the tails of the distribution of well-being. In Kenya, elimination of circumstance-based disparities is pro-poor improving, shared prosperity enhancing, but Gini inequality augmenting. In contrast to the Cameroonian case, equalisation of circumstances increases inequality between the tails of the distribution of well-being. The mechanisms behind these findings are probably the country-specific redistributive policies.
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贫困、不平等和增长之间的联系:以喀麦隆和肯尼亚为例
我们利用在喀麦隆和肯尼亚两个时间段收集的横断面数据,深入分析了机会不平等与包容性增长之间的关系。实证结果表明,教育、卫生和劳动力市场禀赋的变化对家庭经济福祉有很大影响,以每个成年人的总支出为代表。采用基于回归的分解,我们发现,与基于环境的变量相比,基于努力的变量与更大的基尼系数不平等有关——喀麦隆比肯尼亚更不平等。在基于努力的变量中,喀麦隆的教育和肯尼亚的卫生是收入不平等的主要相关因素。事实和反事实分布分析表明,人力资本禀赋的均衡大大减少了不平等,并进一步促进了有利于穷人的增长。与此同时,消除喀麦隆的环境差异减少了基尼系数不平等,提高了增长过程的公平性,促进了城市地区的共同繁荣,并减少了福利分配尾部之间的不平等。在肯尼亚,消除基于环境的差异有利于穷人,有利于共同繁荣,但基尼不平等加剧。与喀麦隆的情况相反,环境的均衡增加了福利分配尾部之间的不平等。这些发现背后的机制可能是针对具体国家的再分配政策。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: The Journal of African Economies is a vehicle to carry rigorous economic analysis, focused entirely on Africa, for Africans and anyone interested in the continent - be they consultants, policymakers, academics, traders, financiers, development agents or aid workers.
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