Separation of bacteria smaller than 4 µm from other blood components using insulator-based dielectrophoresis: numerical simulation approach

Abstract

Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a life-threatening infection that causes more than 80,000 deaths and more than 500,000 infections annually in North America. The rapid diagnosis of infection reduces BSI mortality. We proposed bacterial enrichment and separation approach in the current work that may reduce culturing time and accelerate the diagnosis of infection. Over the last two decades, multiple separation methods have been developed, and among these methods, insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) is considered a powerful technique for separating biological particles. Bacterial separation in the blood is challenging due to the presence of other blood cells, such as white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. In the present study, a model is presented which is capable of blood cells separation and directing each cell to a specific outlet using continuous flows of particles with sizes larger than 8 µm, 8–4 µm, and smaller than 4 µm. Compared to other methods, such as filtration, the main advantage of this model is that particles larger than 8 µm are separated from the flow before other particles, which prevents the accumulation of particles in the channel. The outcomes of simulations demonstrated that the factors such as applied voltage and channel dimensions significantly affect the separation efficiency. If these values are properly selected (for example voltage of 70 V that was causing an electric field of 200 V/cm), the proposed model can completely (100%) separate particles larger than 8 µm and smaller than 4 µm (8–4 µm particles separation efficiency is 95%).