Impacto de la fauna exótica doméstica en la subsistencia humana en la cuenca superior del río Limay: la evidencia de Casa de Piedra de Ortega (Río Negro, Argentina)
{"title":"Impacto de la fauna exótica doméstica en la subsistencia humana en la cuenca superior del río Limay: la evidencia de Casa de Piedra de Ortega (Río Negro, Argentina)","authors":"Ailín A. Guillermo, F. Fernández, J. Cordero","doi":"10.34096/arqueologia.t26.n1.5821","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"espanolSe presenta el estudio zooarqueologico del sitio Casa de Piedra de Ortega, ubicado en la cuenca superior del rio Limay (Rio Negro, Argentina). Se analizan los conjuntos del componente prehispanico inmediatamente anterior al contacto (Periodo III, 1490 ± 70 AP) y del componente posthispanico (Periodo IV-V, 280 ± 50 AP). Se determino una baja incidencia de meteorizacion, erosion y accion de carnivoros, lo que indico buena conservacion y rapido enterramiento de los conjuntos. Gran parte de los restos se depositaron por actividad humana, incluyendo la explotacion de fauna autoctona y exotica para alimentacion y uso de las pieles. A lo largo de toda la secuencia (Periodos III a V) se explotaron Lama guanicoe, Rhea pennata y Conepatus chinga, aunque L. guanicoe se configura como el principal recurso. En el Periodo IV, Lycalopex griseus, Lycalopex culpaeus y Chaetophractus villosus se incorporan a los recursos. En el Periodo V, se registro la utilizacion de Equuscaballus, Bostaurus y, mayormente, de Ovis aries. Si bien se observo una diversificacion taxonomica en las ocupaciones posthispanicas, tambien se registro una mayor intensidad en la explotacion de L. guanicoe. Ello demuestra que no hubo un reemplazo de la explotacion de la fauna autoctona con la llegada de la fauna exotica domestica. Para contextualizar la investigacion se utilizo la informacion procedente de fuentes documentales y se compararon los resultados con los obtenidos en analisis arqueofaunisticos realizados en sitios arqueologicos del area de estudio. EnglishWe present the zooarchaeological study of the Casa de Piedra de Ortega site, located in the upper basin of the Limay River (Rio Negro Province, Argentina). We analyze the assemblages coming from the pre-Hispanic component (Period III, 1490 ± 70 C14 BP, immediately before contact), and the post-Hispanic component (Periods IV-V, 280 ± 50 C14 BP). A low incidence of weathering, erosion, and carnivore action was identified indicating good preservation and rapid burial of the assemblages. Most of the remains were deposited by human activities, including the exploitation of native and exotic fauna for feeding and skin use. Throughout the sequence (Periods III to V) Lama guanicoe, Rhea pennata, and Conepatus chinga were exploited, although L. guanicoe was the main resource. In Period IV, Lycalopex griseus, Lycalopex culpaeus, and Chaetophractus villosuswere incorporated into the diet. In Period V, the use of Equus caballus, Bos taurus, and mostly of Ovis aries was recorded. Although a taxonomic diversification was observed in posthispanic occupations, there was also an increase in the intensity of L. guanicoe exploitation. This shows that there was no replacement of native fauna exploitation with the arrival of domestic exotic fauna. Information from documentary sources was used to contextualize this research and the results were compared with those from archaeofaunistic analyzes carried out at other archaeological sites in the study area.Introduccion","PeriodicalId":51926,"journal":{"name":"Arqueologia","volume":"26 1","pages":"171-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6000,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Arqueologia","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.34096/arqueologia.t26.n1.5821","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"ARCHAEOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
espanolSe presenta el estudio zooarqueologico del sitio Casa de Piedra de Ortega, ubicado en la cuenca superior del rio Limay (Rio Negro, Argentina). Se analizan los conjuntos del componente prehispanico inmediatamente anterior al contacto (Periodo III, 1490 ± 70 AP) y del componente posthispanico (Periodo IV-V, 280 ± 50 AP). Se determino una baja incidencia de meteorizacion, erosion y accion de carnivoros, lo que indico buena conservacion y rapido enterramiento de los conjuntos. Gran parte de los restos se depositaron por actividad humana, incluyendo la explotacion de fauna autoctona y exotica para alimentacion y uso de las pieles. A lo largo de toda la secuencia (Periodos III a V) se explotaron Lama guanicoe, Rhea pennata y Conepatus chinga, aunque L. guanicoe se configura como el principal recurso. En el Periodo IV, Lycalopex griseus, Lycalopex culpaeus y Chaetophractus villosus se incorporan a los recursos. En el Periodo V, se registro la utilizacion de Equuscaballus, Bostaurus y, mayormente, de Ovis aries. Si bien se observo una diversificacion taxonomica en las ocupaciones posthispanicas, tambien se registro una mayor intensidad en la explotacion de L. guanicoe. Ello demuestra que no hubo un reemplazo de la explotacion de la fauna autoctona con la llegada de la fauna exotica domestica. Para contextualizar la investigacion se utilizo la informacion procedente de fuentes documentales y se compararon los resultados con los obtenidos en analisis arqueofaunisticos realizados en sitios arqueologicos del area de estudio. EnglishWe present the zooarchaeological study of the Casa de Piedra de Ortega site, located in the upper basin of the Limay River (Rio Negro Province, Argentina). We analyze the assemblages coming from the pre-Hispanic component (Period III, 1490 ± 70 C14 BP, immediately before contact), and the post-Hispanic component (Periods IV-V, 280 ± 50 C14 BP). A low incidence of weathering, erosion, and carnivore action was identified indicating good preservation and rapid burial of the assemblages. Most of the remains were deposited by human activities, including the exploitation of native and exotic fauna for feeding and skin use. Throughout the sequence (Periods III to V) Lama guanicoe, Rhea pennata, and Conepatus chinga were exploited, although L. guanicoe was the main resource. In Period IV, Lycalopex griseus, Lycalopex culpaeus, and Chaetophractus villosuswere incorporated into the diet. In Period V, the use of Equus caballus, Bos taurus, and mostly of Ovis aries was recorded. Although a taxonomic diversification was observed in posthispanic occupations, there was also an increase in the intensity of L. guanicoe exploitation. This shows that there was no replacement of native fauna exploitation with the arrival of domestic exotic fauna. Information from documentary sources was used to contextualize this research and the results were compared with those from archaeofaunistic analyzes carried out at other archaeological sites in the study area.Introduccion