Investigation of 6PPD-Quinone in Rubberized Asphalt Concrete Mixtures

IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL ACS Environmental Au Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI:10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00023
Srinidhi Lokesh, Siththarththan Arunthavabalan, Elie Hajj, Edgard Hitti and Yu Yang*, 
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Abstract

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD)-quinone (6PPD-Q), a transformation byproduct of 6PPD used in tires as an antiozonant and antioxidant, was recently discovered as the chemical primarily responsible for the acute lethal toxicity of urban storm runoff to coho salmon. The asphalt concrete (AC) surface layer is the primary medium to contact 6PPD-Q immediately upon its release from tires, and the addition of recycled tire rubber (RTR) to the asphalt binder and mixture is a widely accepted practice in asphalt production. Therefore, it is urgent to understand the fate of 6PPD-Q at the asphalt concrete surface layer–water interface. This study analyzed the sorption and desorption of 6PPD-Q by compacted and crushed loose (loose particles, ∼5 mm) rubberized asphalt mixtures and their mobilization from compacted asphalt mixtures during simulated rainfall events. It should be noted that the crushed loose asphalt mixtures demonstrated the physicochemical properties of the asphalt materials, while the compacted asphalt mixtures represent in-service AC layers. Sorption of 6PPD-Q by crushed loose and compacted asphalt mixtures reached equilibrium within 12 days, with a sorption coefficient of 151.57–257.51 L/kg for compacted asphalt mixtures. Within 12 days, desorption of 6PPD-Q from crushed loose and compacted rubberized asphalt mixtures (20 g particles/L) to the double deionized (DDI) water and synthetic stormwater was 0.01–0.09 and 0.025–0.05 μg/L, respectively. Through the rainfall simulation experiments, 0.0015–0.0049 μg/L 6PPD-Q was detected in the runoff water, much lower than the lethal concentration (LC50) of 6PPD-Q of 0.095 μg/L and 308.67 μg/L for coho salmon and zebrafish larvae. Our results indicate that, while the release of 6PPD-Q from compacted rubberized asphalt mixtures is minor, the mixtures can serve as sorbents for tire-derived 6PPD-Q and retain this emerging contaminant.

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6PPD醌在橡胶沥青混凝土混合料中的应用研究
N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N ' -苯基-对苯二胺(6PPD)-醌(6PPD- q)是6PPD在轮胎中用作抗臭氧剂和抗氧化剂的转化副产物,最近被发现是导致城市暴雨径流对鲑鱼急性致死毒性的主要化学物质。沥青混凝土(AC)表层是6PPD-Q从轮胎中释放出来后立即接触的主要介质,在沥青粘结剂和混合料中添加再生轮胎橡胶(RTR)是沥青生产中广泛接受的做法。因此,迫切需要了解6PPD-Q在沥青混凝土面层-水界面的命运。该研究分析了压实和粉碎的松散(松散颗粒,约5毫米)橡胶沥青混合料对6PPD-Q的吸附和解吸,以及它们在模拟降雨事件中从压实沥青混合料中的动员。需要注意的是,破碎后的松散沥青混合料表现了沥青材料的物理化学性质,而压实后的沥青混合料则代表了使用中的交流层。破碎后松散沥青混合料和压实沥青混合料对6PPD-Q的吸附在12天内达到平衡,压实沥青混合料的吸附系数为151.57 ~ 257.51 L/kg。在12天内,从破碎的松散和压实的橡胶沥青混合料(20 g颗粒/L)中,6PPD-Q对双去离子(DDI)水和合成雨水的解吸量分别为0.01 ~ 0.09和0.025 ~ 0.05 μg/L。通过降雨模拟实验,径流水中6PPD-Q的检测值为0.0015 ~ 0.0049 μg/L,远低于6PPD-Q对银鲑和斑马鱼幼鱼0.095 μg/L和308.67 μg/L的致死浓度(LC50)。我们的研究结果表明,虽然从压实的橡胶沥青混合料中释放的6PPD-Q很少,但这些混合料可以作为轮胎衍生的6PPD-Q的吸附剂,并保留这种新出现的污染物。
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ACS Environmental Au
ACS Environmental Au 环境科学-
CiteScore
7.10
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期刊介绍: ACS Environmental Au is an open access journal which publishes experimental research and theoretical results in all aspects of environmental science and technology both pure and applied. Short letters comprehensive articles reviews and perspectives are welcome in the following areas:Alternative EnergyAnthropogenic Impacts on Atmosphere Soil or WaterBiogeochemical CyclingBiomass or Wastes as ResourcesContaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial EnvironmentsEnvironmental Data ScienceEcotoxicology and Public HealthEnergy and ClimateEnvironmental Modeling Processes and Measurement Methods and TechnologiesEnvironmental Nanotechnology and BiotechnologyGreen ChemistryGreen Manufacturing and EngineeringRisk assessment Regulatory Frameworks and Life-Cycle AssessmentsTreatment and Resource Recovery and Waste Management
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