Herbal Components for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

Globally, there are around 50 million Alzheimer's disease sufferers worldwide, a number that is expected to double every five years and reach 152 million by 2050. Traditional drugs for cognitive impairment are only palliative and do not cure the disease. Alzheimer's disease is characterised by memory and language loss, as well as difficulties with visual orientation and greater executive function. The present study aimed to examine various causes, mechanisms, and roles of different herbal components in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Since ancient times, several different plants have been utilised to improve memory and treat various dementia-related issues. These anti-AD plants include a wide taxonomic range due to acetyl choline esterase inhibition, antioxidant capacity, neuroprotection, mitochondrial energy restoration, and/or precipitated protein clearance. Secondary metabolites of these medicinal plants may be used to treat AD. AADvac1 is an active vaccination that stimulates an immune response by attacking numerous critical epitopes in pathogenic tau variants, thereby preventing tau aggregation and reducing the development of neurofibrillary tangles. Herbal plants are widely used because of their perceived effectiveness, safety, and low cost. To summarise, the evidence supporting the use of herbal components is promising, but more work is needed.