The formulation of welfare state: the perspective of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah

Elviandari Elviandari, Farkhani Farkhani, Khudzaifah Dimyati, Absori Absori
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引用次数: 11

Abstract

This paper examines empirical facts of market failure and government failure to improve people’s welfare; capitalism and neo-liberalism do not provide a space for states to implement policies for social justice. With regard to the failure of the welfare state to bring the citizen to fair welfare, this paper offers the formulation of a welfare state based on Maqa>s}id Al-Shari>‘ah. This study employs Maqa>s}id Al-Shari>‘ah developed by Imam Al-Juwaini, Izzu al-Din bin ‘Abd al-Salam, Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi and Al-Tahir Ibn ‘Ashur as the methodological framework. It formulates welfare state of maqa>s}id al-shari>‘ah, which is built through the fulfillment of the three levels of individual needs (citizens) (al-D}aru>ri>yah, alha> ji>yyah and al-tahsi>ni>yah; primary, secondary and suplementary rights), public needs (equal distribution; al-ha>jah al-‘ammah), protection or assurance (alismah), and law enforcement (al-fit}rah (order), equality (al-musa>wah), freedom (al-h}urri>yah), magnanimity (al-samh}ah)). The morality-spirituality-religiosity and transcendence principles develop the formulation. The maqa>s}id al-shari>‘ah should be the “soul” of every policies and rules or laws. The development of the formulation of welfare state based on Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah will build Islamic man/religious man (citizen), who is prosperous spiritually and materially. Artikel ini mengkaji kenyataan empiris mengenai kegagalan pasar (market failure) dan kegagalan negara (government failure) dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat, kapitalisme dan neo-liberalisme tidak memberikan tempat bagi negara untuk melakukan kebijakan demi keadilan sosial. Berdasarkan kegagalan negara kesejahteraan menghantarkan warga negara menuju kesejahteraan yang berkeadilan maka tulisan ini menawarkan formulasi negara kesejahteraaan berdasarkan Maqa>s}id al- Shari>‘ah. Kajian ini mempergunakan Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah sebagai kerangka metodologis yang dikembang oleh Imam Al-Juwaini, Izzu al-Din bin ‘Abd al-Salam, Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi dan Al-Tahir Ibn ‘Ashur. Kajian ini memformulasikan negara kesejahteraan berdasarkan maqa>s}id al-shari>‘ah yang dibangun melalui pemenuhan kebutuhan individu (warga negara) berdasarkan tingkatannya; al-D{aru>ri>yah, al-h}a>ji>yyah dan al-tah}si>ni>yah (hak primer, sekunder dan suplementer), kebutuhan publik, (al-h}u>jah al-‘as} mmah) terealisasi pendistribusian yang merata, adanya proteksi atau jaminan (al-is}mah) dan tegaknya hukum melalui, al-fi>rah (ketertiban), equality (al-musa>wah) kesetaraan, freedom (al-h}uri>yah) kebebesan, magnanimity (alsamh} ah) toleransi. Formulasi tersebut dibangun dengan landasan moral-spritual - religius dan transendental. Menjadikannya “roh” pada setiap kebutuhan dalam membuat kebijakan, peraturan-peraturan atau perundang- undangan. Dengan terwujdnya formulasi negara kesejahteraaan berdasarkan Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah akan melahirkan islamic man/manusia religius/karakter (warga negara) yang beriman atau pribadi yang memiliki karakter, sejahtera secara batin (spritual) dan lahir (material).
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福利国家的形成:Maqāṣid al- shari ' ah的视角
本文考察了市场失灵和政府未能改善人民福利的实证事实;资本主义和新自由主义并没有为国家实施社会正义政策提供空间。关于福利国家未能使公民获得公平福利的问题,本文提出了基于Maqa>s}id-Al-Shari>'ah的福利国家的提法。本研究采用伊玛目朱瓦尼、伊祖·丁·本·阿布德·萨拉姆、阿布·伊沙克·沙提比和塔希尔·伊本·阿舒尔开发的Maqa>s}id _ Al Shari>'ah作为方法框架。它制定了maqa>s}id al-s ha ri>'ah的福利国家,通过满足三个层次的个人需求(公民)(al-D}aru>ri>yah、al-ha>ji>yyah和al-tahsi>ni>yah;主要、次要和辅助权利)、公共需求(平等分配;al-ha>jah al-'ammah)、保护或保证(alismah)和执法(al-fit}rah(秩序),平等(al-Musa>wah)、自由(al-h}urri>yah)、宽宏大量(al-samh}ah))。道德、精神、宗教性和超越性原则的形成。伊斯兰教法应该是每一项政策、规则或法律的“灵魂”。以玛卡为基础的福利国家的发展将建立一个精神和物质繁荣的伊斯兰人/宗教人(公民)。本文探讨了市场失灵和政府失灵在改善人民福祉方面的经验现实,资本主义和新自由主义并没有给国家提供社会正义政策的空间。基于该国未能将其公民送上现有的繁荣之路,这封信提出了基于玛卡的国家繁荣的提法。本研究使用Maqa’id al-Shari作为由al Juwaini、Izzu al-Din bin’Abd al-Salam、Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi和al Tahir bin’Ashur牧师开发的方法论框架。这项研究建立了一个以伊斯兰教法为基础的和平国家,该国是通过根据个人(公民)的水平满足其需求而建立的;这是yah(主要、次要和补充者),公共需求,(al-h,,,,),,,、,,,,、、、、,、、,,、,、(a h)公差。这个公式是建立在道德、宗教和超越的基础上的。在制定政策、规则或邀请时,让它成为“精神上的”。建立在玛卡·沙里基础上的和平国家将产生一个相信或具有个人性格、纯粹和平和物质的伊斯兰人/宗教人/性格。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
16.70%
发文量
8
审稿时长
24 weeks
期刊介绍: Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies (IJIMS): This journal should coverage Islam both as a textual tradition with its own historical integrity and as a social reality which was dynamic and constantly changing. The journal also aims at bridging the gap between the textual and contextual approaches to Islamic Studies; and solving the dichotomy between ‘orthodox’ and ‘heterodox’ Islam. So, the journal invites the intersection of several disciplines and scholars. In other words, its contributors borrowed from a range of disciplines, including the humanities and social sciences.
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