{"title":"The formulation of welfare state: the perspective of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah","authors":"Elviandari Elviandari, Farkhani Farkhani, Khudzaifah Dimyati, Absori Absori","doi":"10.18326/IJIMS.V8I1.117-146","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines empirical facts of market failure and government failure to improve people’s welfare; capitalism and neo-liberalism do not provide a space for states to implement policies for social justice. With regard to the failure of the welfare state to bring the citizen to fair welfare, this paper offers the formulation of a welfare state based on Maqa>s}id Al-Shari>‘ah. This study employs Maqa>s}id Al-Shari>‘ah developed by Imam Al-Juwaini, Izzu al-Din bin ‘Abd al-Salam, Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi and Al-Tahir Ibn ‘Ashur as the methodological framework. It formulates welfare state of maqa>s}id al-shari>‘ah, which is built through the fulfillment of the three levels of individual needs (citizens) (al-D}aru>ri>yah, alha> ji>yyah and al-tahsi>ni>yah; primary, secondary and suplementary rights), public needs (equal distribution; al-ha>jah al-‘ammah), protection or assurance (alismah), and law enforcement (al-fit}rah (order), equality (al-musa>wah), freedom (al-h}urri>yah), magnanimity (al-samh}ah)). The morality-spirituality-religiosity and transcendence principles develop the formulation. The maqa>s}id al-shari>‘ah should be the “soul” of every policies and rules or laws. The development of the formulation of welfare state based on Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah will build Islamic man/religious man (citizen), who is prosperous spiritually and materially. Artikel ini mengkaji kenyataan empiris mengenai kegagalan pasar (market failure) dan kegagalan negara (government failure) dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat, kapitalisme dan neo-liberalisme tidak memberikan tempat bagi negara untuk melakukan kebijakan demi keadilan sosial. Berdasarkan kegagalan negara kesejahteraan menghantarkan warga negara menuju kesejahteraan yang berkeadilan maka tulisan ini menawarkan formulasi negara kesejahteraaan berdasarkan Maqa>s}id al- Shari>‘ah. Kajian ini mempergunakan Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah sebagai kerangka metodologis yang dikembang oleh Imam Al-Juwaini, Izzu al-Din bin ‘Abd al-Salam, Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi dan Al-Tahir Ibn ‘Ashur. Kajian ini memformulasikan negara kesejahteraan berdasarkan maqa>s}id al-shari>‘ah yang dibangun melalui pemenuhan kebutuhan individu (warga negara) berdasarkan tingkatannya; al-D{aru>ri>yah, al-h}a>ji>yyah dan al-tah}si>ni>yah (hak primer, sekunder dan suplementer), kebutuhan publik, (al-h}u>jah al-‘as} mmah) terealisasi pendistribusian yang merata, adanya proteksi atau jaminan (al-is}mah) dan tegaknya hukum melalui, al-fi>rah (ketertiban), equality (al-musa>wah) kesetaraan, freedom (al-h}uri>yah) kebebesan, magnanimity (alsamh} ah) toleransi. Formulasi tersebut dibangun dengan landasan moral-spritual - religius dan transendental. Menjadikannya “roh” pada setiap kebutuhan dalam membuat kebijakan, peraturan-peraturan atau perundang- undangan. Dengan terwujdnya formulasi negara kesejahteraaan berdasarkan Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah akan melahirkan islamic man/manusia religius/karakter (warga negara) yang beriman atau pribadi yang memiliki karakter, sejahtera secara batin (spritual) dan lahir (material).","PeriodicalId":42170,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies","volume":"8 1","pages":"117-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6000,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"11","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.18326/IJIMS.V8I1.117-146","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"RELIGION","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Abstract
This paper examines empirical facts of market failure and government failure to improve people’s welfare; capitalism and neo-liberalism do not provide a space for states to implement policies for social justice. With regard to the failure of the welfare state to bring the citizen to fair welfare, this paper offers the formulation of a welfare state based on Maqa>s}id Al-Shari>‘ah. This study employs Maqa>s}id Al-Shari>‘ah developed by Imam Al-Juwaini, Izzu al-Din bin ‘Abd al-Salam, Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi and Al-Tahir Ibn ‘Ashur as the methodological framework. It formulates welfare state of maqa>s}id al-shari>‘ah, which is built through the fulfillment of the three levels of individual needs (citizens) (al-D}aru>ri>yah, alha> ji>yyah and al-tahsi>ni>yah; primary, secondary and suplementary rights), public needs (equal distribution; al-ha>jah al-‘ammah), protection or assurance (alismah), and law enforcement (al-fit}rah (order), equality (al-musa>wah), freedom (al-h}urri>yah), magnanimity (al-samh}ah)). The morality-spirituality-religiosity and transcendence principles develop the formulation. The maqa>s}id al-shari>‘ah should be the “soul” of every policies and rules or laws. The development of the formulation of welfare state based on Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah will build Islamic man/religious man (citizen), who is prosperous spiritually and materially. Artikel ini mengkaji kenyataan empiris mengenai kegagalan pasar (market failure) dan kegagalan negara (government failure) dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat, kapitalisme dan neo-liberalisme tidak memberikan tempat bagi negara untuk melakukan kebijakan demi keadilan sosial. Berdasarkan kegagalan negara kesejahteraan menghantarkan warga negara menuju kesejahteraan yang berkeadilan maka tulisan ini menawarkan formulasi negara kesejahteraaan berdasarkan Maqa>s}id al- Shari>‘ah. Kajian ini mempergunakan Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah sebagai kerangka metodologis yang dikembang oleh Imam Al-Juwaini, Izzu al-Din bin ‘Abd al-Salam, Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi dan Al-Tahir Ibn ‘Ashur. Kajian ini memformulasikan negara kesejahteraan berdasarkan maqa>s}id al-shari>‘ah yang dibangun melalui pemenuhan kebutuhan individu (warga negara) berdasarkan tingkatannya; al-D{aru>ri>yah, al-h}a>ji>yyah dan al-tah}si>ni>yah (hak primer, sekunder dan suplementer), kebutuhan publik, (al-h}u>jah al-‘as} mmah) terealisasi pendistribusian yang merata, adanya proteksi atau jaminan (al-is}mah) dan tegaknya hukum melalui, al-fi>rah (ketertiban), equality (al-musa>wah) kesetaraan, freedom (al-h}uri>yah) kebebesan, magnanimity (alsamh} ah) toleransi. Formulasi tersebut dibangun dengan landasan moral-spritual - religius dan transendental. Menjadikannya “roh” pada setiap kebutuhan dalam membuat kebijakan, peraturan-peraturan atau perundang- undangan. Dengan terwujdnya formulasi negara kesejahteraaan berdasarkan Maqa>s}id al-Shari>‘ah akan melahirkan islamic man/manusia religius/karakter (warga negara) yang beriman atau pribadi yang memiliki karakter, sejahtera secara batin (spritual) dan lahir (material).
期刊介绍:
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies (IJIMS): This journal should coverage Islam both as a textual tradition with its own historical integrity and as a social reality which was dynamic and constantly changing. The journal also aims at bridging the gap between the textual and contextual approaches to Islamic Studies; and solving the dichotomy between ‘orthodox’ and ‘heterodox’ Islam. So, the journal invites the intersection of several disciplines and scholars. In other words, its contributors borrowed from a range of disciplines, including the humanities and social sciences.