Episodic memory impairment in children and adolescents at risk for schizophrenia: A role for context processing

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Schizophrenia Research-Cognition Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI:10.1016/j.scog.2022.100241
Aslıhan İmamoğlu , Claudia Foubert , M. Karl Healey , Stephanie Langella , Aysenil Belger , Kelly S. Giovanello , Christopher N. Wahlheim
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

People with schizophrenia experience episodic memory impairments that have been theorized to reflect deficits in processing context (e.g., spatio-temporal features tied to a specific event). Although past research has reported episodic memory impairments in young people at-risk for schizophrenia, the extent to which these impairments reflect context processing deficits remains unknown. We addressed this gap in the literature by examining whether children and adolescents at risk for schizophrenia exhibit context processing deficits during free recall, a memory task with high contextual demands. Our sample included three groups (N = 58, 9–16 years old) varying in risk for schizophrenia:16 high-risk, unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and/or schizoaffective disorder, 22 clinical control participants with a comorbid disorder (ADHD and/or an anxiety disorder), and 20 healthy control participants. Participants first completed a free recall task and then completed a recognition memory task. Based on established theories of episodic memory, we assumed that context processing played a more pivotal role in free recall than recognition memory. Consequently, if schizophrenia risk is associated with context processing deficits, then memory impairment should be present in free recall measures that are most sensitive to context processing (i.e., recall accuracy and temporal contiguity). Consistent with this prediction, free recall accuracy and temporal contiguity were lower for the high-risk group than the healthy controls, whereas recognition memory was comparable across groups. These findings suggest that episodic memory impairments associated with schizophrenia in unaffected, first-degree relatives may reflect context processing deficits.

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有精神分裂症风险的儿童和青少年的情景记忆障碍:情境处理的作用
精神分裂症患者会经历情景记忆障碍,这种记忆障碍被认为反映了处理情境的缺陷(例如,与特定事件相关的时空特征)。尽管过去的研究已经报道了有精神分裂症风险的年轻人有情景记忆障碍,但这些障碍在多大程度上反映了上下文处理缺陷仍然未知。我们通过研究有精神分裂症风险的儿童和青少年在自由回忆(一种具有高情境要求的记忆任务)中是否表现出情境处理缺陷来解决文献中的这一空白。我们的样本包括三组(N = 58, 9-16岁),他们患精神分裂症的风险不同:16名精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和/或分裂情感障碍患者的高风险、未受影响的一级亲属,22名患有共病(ADHD和/或焦虑症)的临床对照参与者,以及20名健康对照参与者。参与者首先完成一项自由回忆任务,然后完成一项识别记忆任务。基于既定的情景记忆理论,我们假设情境处理在自由回忆中比识别记忆起着更关键的作用。因此,如果精神分裂症风险与上下文处理缺陷有关,那么记忆障碍应该存在于对上下文处理最敏感的自由回忆测量中(即回忆准确性和时间连续性)。与这一预测一致,高风险组的自由回忆准确性和时间连续性低于健康对照组,而识别记忆在各组之间具有可比性。这些发现表明,在未受影响的一级亲属中,与精神分裂症相关的情景记忆障碍可能反映了上下文处理缺陷。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
10.70%
发文量
54
审稿时长
67 days
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