COVID-19 and employment relief programs: A tale of spatially blind policies for a spatially driven pandemic

IF 3.2 3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Journal of Regional Science Pub Date : 2023-03-26 DOI:10.1111/jors.12642
Esteban López Ochoa, Juan Eberhard, Patricio Aroca
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Abstract

We use the case of Chile to analyze the effectiveness of a spatially blind employment relief program (hereafter referred to as the LPE program) established by the Chilean government and implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chile is an interesting case because on the one hand its nonpharmaceutical interventions were spatially driven by health indicators based on small geographical areas; hence, producing sizeable regional and temporal variation of the local conditions induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, the LPE program was designed and implemented nationally without distinction of local labor market or pandemic conditions, and each firm could decide whether to enroll in the program. By exploiting the spatial-temporal variation of exogenously imposed lockdowns and using a difference-in-differences panel data framework, we find that the LPE program was only effective for a group of regions in the country but, more importantly, that the LPE program was less effective during lockdowns. Moreover, the requirements of the LPE program were vague and did not target specific populations or entities. Consequently, our results suggest that women, informal and small firm workers, and most economic sectors throughout the country were less able to take advantage of the benefits of this program.

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COVID - 19和就业救济计划:空间盲政策应对空间驱动大流行的故事
我们以智利为例,分析了智利政府在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间制定并实施的“空间盲就业救济计划”(以下简称“LPE计划”)的有效性。智利是一个有趣的例子,因为一方面,其非药物干预措施在空间上是由基于小地理区域的健康指标驱动的;因此,在COVID-19大流行引起的当地情况中产生了相当大的区域和时间差异。另一方面,LPE计划是在全国范围内设计和实施的,不区分当地的劳动力市场或流行病情况,每家公司都可以决定是否参加该计划。通过利用外源强制封锁的时空变化并使用差中差面板数据框架,我们发现LPE计划仅对该国的一组地区有效,但更重要的是,LPE计划在封锁期间的有效性较低。此外,LPE计划的要求是模糊的,没有针对特定的人群或实体。因此,我们的研究结果表明,全国各地的妇女、非正规和小型企业工人以及大多数经济部门都不太能够利用该计划的好处。©2023 Wiley期刊有限责任公司
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
6.70%
发文量
54
期刊介绍: The Journal of Regional Science (JRS) publishes original analytical research at the intersection of economics and quantitative geography. Since 1958, the JRS has published leading contributions to urban and regional thought including rigorous methodological contributions and seminal theoretical pieces. The JRS is one of the most highly cited journals in urban and regional research, planning, geography, and the environment. The JRS publishes work that advances our understanding of the geographic dimensions of urban and regional economies, human settlements, and policies related to cities and regions.
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