Incidence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) Kano, Nigeria

Abstract

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a serious health problem that affects people of all ages and genders globally. A study was carried out to determine the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients present at AKTH with UTI from January 2019 to January 2020. The study aimed to determine the incidence and identify the infective uropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Urine samples were collected from 128 (Male 63) patients ranging from 0 to 84 years. Culture plates with bacteria count greater than or equal to 1×105 cfu-ml-1 were taken as positive for UTI. The bacteria isolates were identified based on colony morphology characteristics, gram stain reaction and biochemical tests. The identified bacteria were then tested in vitro with standard antibiotics disc to determine their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. The result showed that 35 (27.3%) out of 128 patients investigated had UTIs. The urine culture of 65 female patients resulted in 24(36.9%) positive samples, while 11 (17.5%) of the 63 males had significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli constituted the predominant organism and was responsible for 24(68.7%) of the cases of UTI. The other encountered uropathogens were Klebsiella sp. 5(14.3 %), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus 2(5.5%). One sample (2.9%) each was found to have Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Enterococcus fecalis and Salmonella sp., respectively. All gram-negative bacteria were highly-sensitive to Meropenem and Gentamicin and were mostly-resistant to Piperacillin. Gram-positive organisms were sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, and Cefoxitin and resistant to Erythromycin. The highest incidence (39.1%) of UTI was found in the age range (10 – 19 years), with a significant gender difference.