Comparison of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil infusion in geriatric patients undergoing outpatient cataract surgery: a prospective, randomized, and blinded study

Abstract

Dexmedetomidine is an α2 agonist and remifentanil is a short-acting μ opioid agonist. We aimed to compare the dexmedetomidine and remifentanil infusions used for conscious sedation in geriatric patients undergoing outpatient cataract surgery in terms of sedation quality, side effects, and surgeon satisfaction. Eighty patients were allocated into two groups as per the administration of dexmedetomidine (dexmedetomidine group) and remifentanil (remifentanil group) infusion in this randomized, prospective, double-blinded study. In dexmedetomidine group (n = 40), after a loading of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine in 10 minutes, 0.4 μg/kg/h infusion was administered. In the remifentanil group (n = 40), remifentanil at a dose of 0.05 μg/kg was administered for 10 minutes, and then 0.05 μg/kg/min infusion was continued. Observer Assessment Warning/Sedation Scale values evaluating sedation quality were lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the remifentanil group, although it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Bispectral Index values evaluating sedation quality were lower in the dexmedetomidine group according to the remifentanil group (P < 0.05). The dexmedetomidine group had lower Verbal Rating Scale and Visual Analogue Scale scores evaluating pain intensity compared with the remifentanil group (P < 0.05). The nausea Visual Analogue Scale values evaluating the severity of postoperative nausea in the dexmedetomidine group were lower than those in the remifentanil group (P < 0.05). The surgeon satisfaction was found to be greater in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the remifentanil group (P = 0.015). In geriatric patients, the targeted sedation and analgesia levels were achieved more easily with dexmedetomidine infusion, without hemodynamic and respiratory side effects, compared to remifentanil infusion.