Knowing the same things: mass examinations, credentials, and infrastructures of shared knowledge

IF 1 4区 综合性期刊 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Interdisciplinary Science Reviews Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI:10.1080/03080188.2023.2173457
James Elwick
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Abstract

ABSTRACT The nineteenth century was one in which millions of people acquired certificates and other credentials attesting that they knew what they claimed to know. These credentials resulted from mass examinations: systems of infrastructure that aspired to procedural objectivity. Among the key feature of these exams were the new numerical marking systems used to compare and commensurate different answers on these exams, because these numbers could generate averages and other formal abstractions of knowledge. While the resulting tests could be restrictive for the individual, they could be positive and even creative. Exam successes and credentials helped people work collectively in groups, giving each group member the confidence that other members knew what they claimed to know.
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了解相同的东西:大规模考试、证书和共享知识的基础设施
摘要在十九世纪,数以百万计的人获得了证书和其他证书,证明他们知道自己声称知道的事情。这些证书来自大规模考试:渴望程序客观性的基础设施系统。这些考试的关键特征之一是新的数字评分系统,用于比较和匹配这些考试的不同答案,因为这些数字可以产生平均值和其他形式的知识抽象。虽然由此产生的测试可能对个人有限制,但它们可能是积极的,甚至是创造性的。考试的成功和证书帮助人们在小组中集体工作,让每个小组成员都相信其他成员知道他们声称知道的事情。
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来源期刊
Interdisciplinary Science Reviews
Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 综合性期刊-综合性期刊
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
9.10%
发文量
20
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Interdisciplinary Science Reviews is a quarterly journal that aims to explore the social, philosophical and historical interrelations of the natural sciences, engineering, mathematics, medicine and technology with the social sciences, humanities and arts.
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