Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2022-06-10DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5683.22.06076-8
Stefano Rigattieri, Chiara Bernelli, Francesco Tomassini, Giorgio Caretta, Shahram Moshiri, Andrea Berni, Ferdinando Varbella, Alberto Menozzi
Transcatheter aortic valve intervention (TAVI) was introduced in early 2000 to offer treatment to inoperable patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. In a couple of decades, the procedure resulted effective and safe also in patients with intermediate to low risk for surgery; therefore, due to the progressive ageing of the population, the clinical need for TAVI is continuously increasing and is hardly met by the availability of the procedure, the so-called "TAVI capacity". As a result, many patients encounter difficulties in being referred to TAVI centers or face long waiting list times, thus risking severe adverse events (including death) before the procedure is performed. Although contemporary guidelines and consensus documents recommend that TAVI should only be performed in hospitals with active cardiac surgery departments, starting TAVI programs also in interventional cardiac laboratories without on-site cardiac surgery could represent a way to increase TAVI capacity, thus leading to a greater number of patients being treated in less time. On the other side of the coin, such a strategy may jeopardize patient safety in case of periprocedural complications needing bailout surgery and may lead to a suboptimal multidisciplinary Heart Team evaluation. This review aims to assess and discuss available clinical data and implementation of TAVI programs in hospitals without on-site active cardiac surgery departments considering the growing unmet clinical need and technical advancement of TAVI platforms, yet not overlooking the recommendations of international scientific societies.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2266974
Christine Hauskeller, Claudia Gertraud Schwarz
In this introduction to the thematic issue Critical Psychedelic Studies we argue that many and diverse critical analyses of psychedelic cultures and practices are needed to counter the current hype...
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Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2022.2075201
Olivia Marcus
ABSTRACT Ayahuasca has a variety of traditional uses, yet there is a growing global interest in its potential therapeutic benefits for mental health conditions. Novel approaches to psychotherapy are emerging to address the needs of ayahuasca users to prepare as well as to guide them in ‘integrating’ their powerful psychedelic experiences, yet there is little discussion on the ethical frameworks that may structure these therapeutic processes or the social and cultural assumptions that influence the assignment of ayahuasca as a medicine. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in San Martín and Loreto, Peru, I examine the varied social meanings and uses of ayahuasca in the Peruvian vegetalista tradition and the potential ethical tensions among curanderos, mental health practitioners, and ayahuasca retreat centres. Practitioners and ayahuasca centres are left with navigating globalized concepts of mental health and ethics while attempting to remain authentic to local ontologies of healing, care, and safety.
{"title":"‘Everybody’s creating it along the way’: ethical tensions among globalized ayahuasca shamanisms and therapeutic integration practices","authors":"Olivia Marcus","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2022.2075201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2022.2075201","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ayahuasca has a variety of traditional uses, yet there is a growing global interest in its potential therapeutic benefits for mental health conditions. Novel approaches to psychotherapy are emerging to address the needs of ayahuasca users to prepare as well as to guide them in ‘integrating’ their powerful psychedelic experiences, yet there is little discussion on the ethical frameworks that may structure these therapeutic processes or the social and cultural assumptions that influence the assignment of ayahuasca as a medicine. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in San Martín and Loreto, Peru, I examine the varied social meanings and uses of ayahuasca in the Peruvian vegetalista tradition and the potential ethical tensions among curanderos, mental health practitioners, and ayahuasca retreat centres. Practitioners and ayahuasca centres are left with navigating globalized concepts of mental health and ethics while attempting to remain authentic to local ontologies of healing, care, and safety.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":"219 ","pages":"712 - 731"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2266974
C. Hauskeller, Claudia Gertraud Schwarz
ABSTRACT In this introduction to the thematic issue Critical Psychedelic Studies we argue that many and diverse critical analyses of psychedelic cultures and practices are needed to counter the current hype around the biomedicalization of psychedelic substances. The social sciences and humanities offer insights and methods to resist appropriation and to establish community based ethical practices. The assembled articles and book reviews indicate an urgency and vitality of research aimed at growing psychedelic cultures outside the medico-pharmaceutical complex, offering inter- and transdisciplinary perspectives. Critical psychedelic studies challenge hegemonial or colonizing knowledge practices in historical and contemporary psychedelic discourse. Bringing together insights from the different original contributions we reflect on power relations in the psychedelic revival. In this article we argue against field definitions and in favour of diverse and agile formations of consciousness and praxis. We provide critical ideas for deconstructing both the patriarchal colonial legacies and the contemporary power dynamics focussed on wealth creation that characterize today's psychedelic revival.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2022.2075199
Valeria McCarroll
ABSTRACT Today, practitioners of contemporary psychedelic medicine are faced with a unique challenge: supporting clients in integrating transpersonal and mystical experiences within a paradigm based on a materialistic, reductionist, and dualistic understanding of reality. Operating on assumptions of pathology and problem-solving, the Western medical model often lacks the theoretical basis to make sense of and integrate the full potentiality of psychedelic medicine. Nondualism can offer an alternative guide to engaging with and transmuting the beliefs and traumas that lie at the root of paradigms based on assumptions of separation. These frames can be deeply resourcing for both psychedelic guide and client. This article explores the challenges and limitations of the modern Western paradigm, as well as possibilities for how nondualism could be incorporated into future training of psychedelic guides.
{"title":"Mysticizing medicine: incorporating nondualism into the training of psychedelic guides","authors":"Valeria McCarroll","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2022.2075199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2022.2075199","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Today, practitioners of contemporary psychedelic medicine are faced with a unique challenge: supporting clients in integrating transpersonal and mystical experiences within a paradigm based on a materialistic, reductionist, and dualistic understanding of reality. Operating on assumptions of pathology and problem-solving, the Western medical model often lacks the theoretical basis to make sense of and integrate the full potentiality of psychedelic medicine. Nondualism can offer an alternative guide to engaging with and transmuting the beliefs and traumas that lie at the root of paradigms based on assumptions of separation. These frames can be deeply resourcing for both psychedelic guide and client. This article explores the challenges and limitations of the modern Western paradigm, as well as possibilities for how nondualism could be incorporated into future training of psychedelic guides.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":"705 ","pages":"752 - 767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139022782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2249208
Adrian Webb
Aldous Huxley’s work The Doors of Perception introduced the phrase ‘Mind at Large’ to the lexicon of psychedelic experience in 1954. I argue that its original presentation requires re-evaluation. I...
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Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2266973
Claudia Gertraud Schwarz
Published in Interdisciplinary Science Reviews (Ahead of Print, 2023)
发表于《跨学科科学评论》(2023年出版前)
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Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2266322
Jeffrey A. Breau, Paul Gillis-Smith
ABSTRACTThe longstanding juncture between science and religion in psychedelic research is mediated most notably by the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ). The MEQ is a psychometric survey for assessing mystical experiences, and it relies on the work of philosopher Walter Stace for its typology and philosophy of mysticism. Yet there is an under-investigated influence from Vedantic Hinduism that contributed to Stace’s thinking. In an analysis of Stace’s hermeneutics of mysticism, this article demonstrates how Stace’s typology of mystical experience was created in dialogue with major figures in the field of modern, transnational Vedanta. From there, we investigate how these figures’ approaches to religious experience manifest in Stace’s typology of the mystical experience and are preserved in the MEQ. We conclude by discussing how the enduring use of the MEQ, and scientists’ insistence on its theoretical rigour, embeds Stace’s interpretation of modern Vedantic ideas in the contemporary practice of psychedelic science.KEYWORDS: MysticismVedantaMystical Experience Questionnairepsychedelicsreligious studiesconsciousnessHinduismpsychedelic science AcknowledgementsWe thank Dr Nell Hawley for her generous and expert review and Dr J. Christian Greer for his constant support and whose Harvard seminar germinated this research. We also thank our anonymous peer reviewers, the editorial team at Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, and the Special Issue editors, Dr Claudia Gertraud Schwarz and Prof Christine Hauskeller, for their incisive comments and improvements to this article. Finally, we are grateful to the organizers of the Decolonizing the Psychedelic Research Revival panel at the 4S 2022 conference where we first presented this research.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1 For example, Stace cites James Leuba’s The Psychology of Religious Mysticism, where he expounds on the use of drugs to bring about mystical ecstasy. See Leuba (Citation1925, 8–37).2 The English prose in these translations is assisted by Professor of English Frederick Manchester and the novelist Christopher Isherwood, respectively.3 The term Neo-Hindu or Neo-Vedantic, popularised by Paul Hacker, is a contested moniker, as it suggests a rift from historic Hinduism (Madaio Citation2017). When we use the concept here it is to signal the specific form of Vedanta that Stace was drawing from and its relationship to European influence and epistemologies, but it is important to note the complexity of this history and the internal diversity of this movement.4 Jones, for example, in 2020 considers Stace neither a perennialist nor an essentialist, yet in 2022 (with Gellman) discusses Stace in essentialist terms.5 Peter Sjöstedt-Hughes further develops a Spinozist understanding of psychedelic experience in his “The White Sun of Substance: Spinozism and the Psychedelic Amor dei Intellectualis” chapter in Psychedelics and Philosophy (Sjöstedt-Hug
【摘要】迷幻药研究中科学与宗教之间的长期联系主要是由神秘体验问卷(MEQ)介导的。MEQ是一项评估神秘体验的心理测量调查，它依赖于哲学家沃尔特·斯泰斯(Walter Stace)的类型学和神秘主义哲学。然而，吠陀印度教对斯塔斯思想的影响尚未得到充分研究。在对斯泰斯神秘主义解释学的分析中，本文展示了斯泰斯神秘经验的类型学是如何在与现代跨国吠檀多领域主要人物的对话中创造出来的。在此基础上，我们研究了这些人物对宗教体验的态度是如何在Stace的神秘体验类型学中表现出来的，并被保存在MEQ中。最后，我们讨论了MEQ的长期使用，以及科学家对其理论严谨性的坚持，是如何将Stace对现代吠檀多思想的解释嵌入到当代迷幻科学实践中的。关键词:神秘主义吠檀多神秘体验问卷宗教研究意识工业迷幻科学感谢我们感谢Nell Hawley博士的慷慨和专业的评论，感谢J. Christian Greer博士的持续支持，以及他在哈佛大学的研讨会孕育了这项研究。我们还要感谢我们的匿名同行评议人、《跨学科科学评论》的编辑团队以及特刊编辑Claudia Gertraud Schwarz博士和Christine Hauskeller教授，感谢他们对本文的深刻评论和改进。最后，我们感谢在4S 2022会议上非殖民化迷幻研究复兴小组的组织者，在那里我们首次展示了这项研究。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1例如，斯泰斯引用了詹姆斯·路巴(James Leuba)的《宗教神秘主义心理学》(The Psychology of Religious Mysticism)，他在书中阐述了使用药物带来神秘的狂喜。参见Leuba (Citation1925, 8-37)这些译本中的英文散文分别由英语教授弗雷德里克·曼彻斯特和小说家克里斯托弗·伊舍伍德协助保罗·哈克(Paul Hacker)推广的“新印度教”或“新吠檀多”一词是一个有争议的绰号，因为它暗示了与历史印度教的分歧(Madaio Citation2017)。当我们在这里使用这个概念时，它是为了表明斯塔斯所借鉴的吠檀多的具体形式，以及它与欧洲影响和认识论的关系，但重要的是要注意这段历史的复杂性和这一运动的内部多样性例如，琼斯在2020年认为斯塔斯既不是一个永恒主义者，也不是一个本质主义者，但在2022年(与格尔曼)从本质主义者的角度讨论了斯塔斯彼得Sjöstedt-Hughes在他的“物质的白色太阳:斯宾诺莎主义和迷幻的理智之爱”一章中进一步发展了斯宾诺莎对迷幻体验的理解(Sjöstedt-Hughes Citation2022)作为参考，斯泰斯的内省经验的特点是:(1)“统一意识”，(2)“非空间和非时间”，(3)“客观性或现实感”，(4)“幸福、快乐、和平、幸福等的感觉”，(5)“感觉所理解的是神圣的、神圣的或神圣的”，(6)“悖论性”，以及(7)“被神秘主义者声称是不可言说的”(斯泰斯引文1960a, 111)例如，参见Roland R. Griffiths博士教授基金，在约翰霍普金斯大学迷幻药和意识研究中心进行迷幻药研究，研究世俗灵性和幸福感。作者简介:jeffrey a . Breau jeffrey a . Breau是哈佛神学院的一名研究生，他的研究重点是新兴迷幻精神社区、迷幻牧师和印度教。他是世界宗教研究中心“迷幻剂和宗教未来”系列的研究助理，也是哈佛大学社会学系的助教。杰弗里和保罗·吉利斯-史密斯共同组织了哈佛大学第一次迷幻药研究跨学科会议，他是布莱根妇女福克纳医院的一名迷幻药牧师。Paul Gillis-Smith是哈佛神学院的研究生，在马萨诸塞州波士顿的布里格姆妇女福克纳医院为氯胺酮患者提供精神护理。他曾在美国宗教学会(2022年)和科学社会研究学会(2019年、2022年)的年会上发表演讲，并与杰弗里·布劳(Jeffrey Breau)在哈佛大学共同组织了第一届迷幻药研究跨学科会议。
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Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2266321
Reanne Crane
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsReanne CraneDr Reanne Crane is a language scholar and co-founder of Semantrix (www.semantrix.co.uk) – a platform that seeks to bring more rhetorical and metaphorical innovation to dialogues on drugs and consciousness], and, more generally, explores the interplay between language, culture, and the human psyche. Her PhD (University of Kent, UK, 2022) is a multi-perspectival analysis of psychedelic discourses entitled: Aldous Huxley’s Island Revisited: Psychedelics and the Semantics of Perception and Belief. She has a background in teaching and translation, with an M.A. in Contemporary Literature, and a B.A. in Mandarin Chinese and English (Newcastle University). She has been researching and lecturing on psychedelics and language both nationally and internationally since 2014.
{"title":"Passageways through process philosophy: panpsychism in practicePassageways through process philosophy: panpsychism in practice Review of: John H. Buchanan <i>Processing Reality: Finding Meaning in Death, Psychedelics, and Sobriety</i> . Eugene: Cascade Books, 2022, $38.00 (paperback).","authors":"Reanne Crane","doi":"10.1080/03080188.2023.2266321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2023.2266321","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsReanne CraneDr Reanne Crane is a language scholar and co-founder of Semantrix (www.semantrix.co.uk) – a platform that seeks to bring more rhetorical and metaphorical innovation to dialogues on drugs and consciousness], and, more generally, explores the interplay between language, culture, and the human psyche. Her PhD (University of Kent, UK, 2022) is a multi-perspectival analysis of psychedelic discourses entitled: Aldous Huxley’s Island Revisited: Psychedelics and the Semantics of Perception and Belief. She has a background in teaching and translation, with an M.A. in Contemporary Literature, and a B.A. in Mandarin Chinese and English (Newcastle University). She has been researching and lecturing on psychedelics and language both nationally and internationally since 2014.","PeriodicalId":50352,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews","volume":"66 29","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136281579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/03080188.2023.2253667
Pat O’Connor
For the past 30 years, many researchers have highlighted the gendering of higher educational institutions. However, many organizations in the broadly defined Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) area in the EU have varying degrees of interest, or academic staff available, in the gender equality area with many being largely unaware of this literature. This article draws provocatively on existing concepts to ‘make sense’ of the persistence of gender inequality. Such concepts include gendered organizational power, which is frequently taken-for-granted and is reflected at structural and cultural levels. The concept of legitimating discourses (including excellence, choice, women’s ‘nature’ and organizational gender neutrality) helps to explain why gender inequality is not perceived. Other manifestations of institutional resistance to gender inequality provide insights into why it is not tackled effectively. The article recognizes that gendered change does occur and uses the metaphor of bonsai-ing to highlight attempts to limit the impact of such changes. Finally, it identifies some key issues that need to be tackled.
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