Quantifying the energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in Punjab (India) agriculture

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Energy nexus Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100238
Sangeet Ranguwal , Baljinder Kaur Sidana , Jasdev Singh , Jatinder Sachdeva , Sunny Kumar , Ramandeep Kumar Sharma , Jagmandeep Dhillon
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

It is inevitable to acknowledge the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE)’s primary role in the planet's rising temperatures, which poses threat to ecosystem's sustainability. In India, a 18% of the total GHGE comes from agriculture. Agricultural systems, being complex, need highly efficient energy usage to ensure better yields, and hence, farmer income and food security. Within India, Punjab is the state with greatest agro-economic impact. Therefore, present study is an attempt to quantify the GHGE and energy use efficiency (EUE) in major crops (cotton, maize, paddy, wheat, and sugarcane) of Punjab based on 2019–2020 data. Results revealed that the direct energy and non-renewable energy contribution significantly exceeded the indirect energy and renewable energy, in all crops except sugarcane. Electricity and fertilizers were noted as key areas for energy sink for all crops studied. The specific energy based on economic yield was realized to be significantly higher in cotton (10.23 MJ Kg−1), followed by paddy (5.28 MJ Kg−1), and less than 5 MJ Kg−1 for other crops. High energy intensity indicates that there exists a better potential for further improvement in the energy productivity of cropping systems. In terms of total input-output energy, net energy gain and EUE, sugarcane was noted to be at the top, followed by paddy among other seasonal crops. Paddy was found to emit the highest CO2 eq. emissions (6718 kg CO2 eq. ha−1) of all crops and around 60% was contributed solely by methane (CH4) due to paddy cultivation in submerged water. Thus, optimizing fertilizer rates, precisely guided irrigation systems, adoption of resource conservation technologies (RCTs) i.e., DSR, Laser leveling, minimizing crop residue burning, and using them for energy supply are among best possible alternatives for improving EUE and reducing GHGE.

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旁遮普省(印度)农业能源利用效率和温室气体排放的量化
不可避免地要承认温室气体排放在地球气温上升中的主要作用,这对生态系统的可持续性构成了威胁。在印度,18%的GHGE来自农业。农业系统是复杂的,需要高效的能源使用,以确保更好的产量,从而确保农民收入和粮食安全。在印度,旁遮普邦是农业经济影响最大的邦。因此,本研究试图根据2019-2020年的数据量化旁遮普省主要作物(棉花、玉米、水稻、小麦和甘蔗)的GHGE和能源利用效率(EUE)。结果表明,在除甘蔗外的所有作物中,直接能源和不可再生能源的贡献显著超过间接能源和可再生能源。电力和化肥被认为是所有研究作物能量汇的关键领域。基于经济产量的比能量在棉花中显著较高(10.23 MJ Kg−1),其次是水稻(5.28 MJ Kg−2),其他作物低于5 MJ Kg−3。高能源强度表明,种植系统的能源生产率有更好的进一步提高潜力。就总投入产出能源、净能源收益和EUE而言,甘蔗位居榜首,其次是水稻和其他季节性作物。在所有作物中,水稻的二氧化碳当量排放量最高(6718 kg二氧化碳当量ha−1),约60%仅由淹没水中种植水稻产生的甲烷(CH4)造成。因此,优化施肥率、精确引导灌溉系统、采用资源节约技术(RCT),即DSR、激光整平、最大限度地减少作物残渣燃烧,并将其用于能源供应,是改善EUE和减少GHGE的最佳替代方案。
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来源期刊
Energy nexus
Energy nexus Energy (General), Ecological Modelling, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Water Science and Technology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (General)
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
109 days
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