Therapeutic and prophylactic applications of self-replicating RNA viruses

K. Lundstrom
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Self-replicating RNA viruses have been commonly used for preventive and therapeutic interventions in the fields of infectious diseases and cancers. Both RNA viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes of positive and negative polarity have been utilized. Expression of viral surface proteins from self-replicating RNA virus vectors has elicited strong immune responses and provided protection against challenges with lethal doses of pathogens in various animal models using recombinant viral particles, RNA replicons, or plasmid-based replicon vectors. Similarly, immunization with self-replicating RNA virus vectors expressing tumor antigens has induced tumor-specific antibody (Ab) responses, inhibited tumor growth, eradicated tumors, and protected immunized animals against tumor challenges. Clinical trials have demonstrated good safety and tolerance of self-replicating RNA viruses. Although the number of clinical trials is low, robust immune responses and protection against challenges with pathogens and tumor cells have been achieved. The Ervebo vaccine against Ebola virus disease has been approved by both the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
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自我复制RNA病毒的治疗和预防应用
自复制RNA病毒通常用于传染病和癌症领域的预防和治疗干预。具有正极性和负极性单链RNA基因组的两种RNA病毒都已被利用。在使用重组病毒颗粒、RNA复制子或基于质粒的复制子载体的各种动物模型中,自复制RNA病毒载体的病毒表面蛋白的表达引发了强烈的免疫反应,并提供了对抗致命剂量病原体挑战的保护。类似地,用表达肿瘤抗原的自复制RNA病毒载体免疫诱导了肿瘤特异性抗体(Ab)反应,抑制了肿瘤生长,根除了肿瘤,并保护免疫动物免受肿瘤挑战。临床试验表明,自复制RNA病毒具有良好的安全性和耐受性。尽管临床试验的数量很少,但已经实现了强大的免疫反应和对病原体和肿瘤细胞挑战的保护。针对埃博拉病毒疾病的Ervebo疫苗已获得欧洲药品管理局(EMA)和美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)的批准。
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