{"title":"When covert modality sneaks into your grammar: wh-infinitives in American Norwegian","authors":"Michael T. Putnam, Åshild Søfteland","doi":"10.1177/02676583221103741","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"American Norwegian (AmNo), a moribund heritage variety of Norwegian spoken predominantly in the Upper Midwest of the US, licenses wh-infinitives (i.e. indirect questions), which are structures that are not acceptable in either standard Norwegian Bokmål or Norwegian dialects. Adopting a spanning-account of syntax (Blix, 2021; Julien, 2021; Svenonius, 2016), we propose that wh-elements in AmNo can encode covert modality (similar to what is found in English indirect questions). We discuss these results and their impact on our understanding of the nature of syntactic change and the interaction of spanning in combination with Aʹ-movement in heritage language syntax.","PeriodicalId":47414,"journal":{"name":"Second Language Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Second Language Research","FirstCategoryId":"98","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02676583221103741","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
American Norwegian (AmNo), a moribund heritage variety of Norwegian spoken predominantly in the Upper Midwest of the US, licenses wh-infinitives (i.e. indirect questions), which are structures that are not acceptable in either standard Norwegian Bokmål or Norwegian dialects. Adopting a spanning-account of syntax (Blix, 2021; Julien, 2021; Svenonius, 2016), we propose that wh-elements in AmNo can encode covert modality (similar to what is found in English indirect questions). We discuss these results and their impact on our understanding of the nature of syntactic change and the interaction of spanning in combination with Aʹ-movement in heritage language syntax.
American Norwegian（AmNo）是主要在美国上中西部地区使用的一种奄奄一息的挪威语变体，它允许使用wh不定式（即间接疑问句），这些结构在标准挪威Bokmål或挪威方言中都是不可接受的。采用语法的跨域描述（Blix，2021；Julien，2021；Svenonius，2016），我们提出AmNo中的wh元素可以编码隐蔽情态（类似于英语间接问题）。我们讨论了这些结果，以及它们对我们理解句法变化的本质以及在传统语言句法中跨越与A运动的相互作用的影响。
期刊介绍：
Second Language Research is a high quality international peer reviewed journal, currently ranked in the top 20 journals in its field by Thomson Scientific (formerly ISI). SLR publishes theoretical and experimental papers concerned with second language acquisition and second language performance, and adheres to a rigorous double-blind reviewing policy in which the identity of both the reviewer and author are always concealed from both parties.
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