Characterization and encapsulation efficiency of zein nanoparticles loaded with chestnut fruit shell, cedar and sweetgum bark extracts

IF 4.6 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Food Hydrocolloids for Health Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI:10.1016/j.fhfh.2023.100151
Dilara Konuk Takma , Semra Bozkurt , Mehmet Koç , Figen Korel , Hilal Şahin Nadeem
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Abstract

Zein nanoparticles (ZNPs) loaded with bioactive extracts of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) shell, cedar (Cedrus libani) and sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) bark wastes were produced using different methods. Nanoprecipitation, high-speed homogenization and ultrasonic homogenization allowed the fabrication of ZNPs with particle sizes smaller than 202.40 nm, 430.25 nm and 325.50 nm, respectively. The smallest nanoparticle size was achieved at 132.81 nm for sweetgum bark extract-loaded ZNPs obtained by the nanoprecipitation method. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) was between 34.03 and 96.83% for all zein nanoparticles fabricated under different mixtures and process conditions. Zein concentration and extract ratio played an essential role in the EE of nanoparticles. The best conditions were determined to obtain the desired properties of ZNPs based on particle size, polydispersity index and EE by using a central composite rotatable design. The nanoprecipitation method was more appropriate for producing chestnut and cedar shell/bark extract-loaded nanoparticles. In contrast, the high-speed homogenization method was suitable for producing sweetgum bark extract-loaded nanoparticles. As a result of the encapsulation of various shell/bark extracts within zein nanoparticles, value-added products were generated from wastes having bioactive compounds. The developed zein nanoparticles for each extract type would offer eco-friendly, simple and safe food processing and packaging systems.

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栗子果壳、雪松和甜树胶皮提取物负载玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒的表征和包封效率
采用不同的方法制备了载栗子(Castanea sativa Mill.)壳、雪松(Cedrus libani)和桉树(Liquidambar orientalis)树皮废弃物生物活性提取物的玉米蛋白纳米颗粒(ZNPs)。采用纳米沉淀法、高速均质法和超声均质法制备的ZNPs的粒径分别小于202.40 nm、430.25 nm和325.50 nm。采用纳米沉淀法制备的负载桉皮提取物的ZNPs的纳米粒径最小,为132.81 nm。在不同混合料和工艺条件下制备的玉米蛋白纳米颗粒的包封率在34.03 ~ 96.83%之间。玉米蛋白的浓度和提取率对纳米颗粒的EE有重要影响。采用中心复合旋转设计,以ZNPs的粒径、多分散性指数和EE为指标,确定了ZNPs的最佳性能条件。纳米沉淀法更适合于制备板栗和雪松壳/树皮提取物负载的纳米颗粒。相比之下,高速均质法适用于制备载糖皮提取物的纳米颗粒。由于在玉米蛋白纳米颗粒中封装了各种壳/树皮提取物,从具有生物活性化合物的废物中产生了增值产品。为每种提取类型开发的玉米蛋白纳米颗粒将提供环保、简单和安全的食品加工和包装系统。
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