Comparison of Aluminum Alloys from Aircraft of Four Nations Involved in the WWII Conflict Using Multiscale Analyses and Archival Study

Abstract

Aluminum alloys are very interesting witnesses of industrial and technical development. The first ever developed was Duralumin, a light metal with good mechanical properties. In the 1930s, the rise of nationalism stimulated research and development, generating various aluminum alloys. This work reports the comparison of two versions of aluminum alloys, which were found in collected parts of WWII crashed aircraft from four nations: a Messerschmitt Bf 109 (DE), a Dewoitine D.520 (FR), and a P-51 Mustang (USA) and an Avro Lancaster (United Kingdom). The first version of alloy with magnesium content below or equal to 1 wt.% and the second version with higher magnesium content (1.5 wt.%), were identified as respectively AlCuMg1, AlCuMg2 in Germany; Duralumin, Duralumin F.R. in France; Hiduminium DU Brand, Hiduminium 72 in the UK and 17S, 24S in the USA. This study uses a multiscale approach based on historical research complimented by laboratory analyses of materials directly collected on the crashed aircraft. It allows a comparison and a better knowledge of the alloys used in each nations: their chemical composition, designations, microstructure, and mechanical properties are investigated.