Evolution of microstructure in MLX®19 maraging steel during rotary friction welding and finite element modelling of the process

IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering-transactions of The Asme Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI:10.1115/1.4063090
Amborish Banerjee, L. Da Silva, Hitesh Sharma, A. Platts, S. Rahimi
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Abstract

Inertia friction welding (IFW) is a solid-state welding process utilised for joining engineering materials. In this paper, a 2.5D finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate IFW of MLX®19 maraging steel. The predicted results showed a non-uniform temperature distribution, with a decrease in temperature from the periphery to the centre of weld interface. Higher temperature and lower stress distributions were predicted in the weld zone (WZ) and the adjacent regions in the vicinity of the WZ. The von-Mises effective stress, effective strain and strain-rate were investigated at different time steps of the FE simulation. The effective stress was minimum at the weld interface, and the effective strain and strain-rate attained a quasi-steady state status with the on-going IFW after a threshold time (~6.5 s). The simulated results were validated by comparing the predicted flash morphology with an actual IFW weld, and temperature profiles measured at specific locations using embedded thermo-couples. The difference between the experimental and the simulated results was ~4.7%, implying a good convergence of the model. Microstructural characterisations were performed across different regions and the observed features were found to be in agreement with the expected microstructure based on the simulated thermal profiles, which included almost complete (~90%) and partial transformation of martensite to austenite in the WZ and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), respectively. Analyses of crystallographic texture, showed that the material (i.e., both transformed austenite and martensite) underwent pure shear deformation during IFW.
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MLX®19马氏体时效钢在旋转摩擦焊接过程中的微观组织演变及有限元建模
惯性摩擦焊(IFW)是一种用于连接工程材料的固态焊接工艺。本文建立了MLX®19马氏体时效钢的2.5维有限元模型。预测结果表明,焊缝温度分布不均匀,温度从焊缝界面外围向中心逐渐降低。预测焊缝区及其附近区域的温度分布较高,应力分布较低。研究了不同时间步长的von-Mises有效应力、有效应变和应变率。在阈值时间(~6.5 s)后,有效应力在焊缝界面处最小,有效应变和应变率达到准稳态状态。通过将预测的闪光形态与实际IFW焊缝进行比较,以及使用嵌入式热电偶在特定位置测量的温度曲线,模拟结果得到了验证。实验结果与模拟结果的差异为~4.7%,表明该模型具有较好的收敛性。在不同区域进行了显微组织表征,发现观察到的特征与基于模拟热剖面的预期显微组织一致,其中包括在WZ和热机械影响区(TMAZ)几乎完全(~90%)和部分马氏体转变为奥氏体。晶体织构分析表明,材料(即转变的奥氏体和马氏体)在IFW过程中发生了纯剪切变形。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
20.00%
发文量
126
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Areas of interest including, but not limited to: Additive manufacturing; Advanced materials and processing; Assembly; Biomedical manufacturing; Bulk deformation processes (e.g., extrusion, forging, wire drawing, etc.); CAD/CAM/CAE; Computer-integrated manufacturing; Control and automation; Cyber-physical systems in manufacturing; Data science-enhanced manufacturing; Design for manufacturing; Electrical and electrochemical machining; Grinding and abrasive processes; Injection molding and other polymer fabrication processes; Inspection and quality control; Laser processes; Machine tool dynamics; Machining processes; Materials handling; Metrology; Micro- and nano-machining and processing; Modeling and simulation; Nontraditional manufacturing processes; Plant engineering and maintenance; Powder processing; Precision and ultra-precision machining; Process engineering; Process planning; Production systems optimization; Rapid prototyping and solid freeform fabrication; Robotics and flexible tooling; Sensing, monitoring, and diagnostics; Sheet and tube metal forming; Sustainable manufacturing; Tribology in manufacturing; Welding and joining
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