The Men behind the Girl behind the Man behind the Gun: Sex and Motivation in the American Morale Campaigns of the First World War

IF 0.4 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Journal of the History of Sexuality Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI:10.7560/jhs31204
Eric Rogers
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Abstract

I n h I s m e m o I r a b o u t b e I n g a low-ranking American soldier during World War I, Joseph N. Rizzi repeatedly stated that his participation in the war—from enlistment to training to battlefield engagement—was motivated by women. The first-generation son of Italian immigrants initially enlisted because his sweetheart explicitly told him that she would not marry him unless he went and fought, and throughout training and his brief deployment in France (where he took part in the decisive Meuse-Argonne offensive), Rizzi derived meaning and motivation from his connection to his sweetheart, as well as to his mother. He testified to the encouraging influences of their letters and confessed that the thought of their opprobrium prevented him from deserting his unit or committing any other offense that could lead to court-martial or dishonor. One night in France, he recalled, he had a strong desire to “enjoy the comradeship of the opposite sex and to indulge in the physical emotion of love” but was prevented from doing so partially by the knowledge that the military police guarded the entrances to the brothels in the town in which he was stationed, stopping American soldiers from entering. In his frustration, he recalled, “I took out my mother’s and sweetheart’s pictures to look at.” Upon looking at their faces, he explained, “the will to conquer became strong.”1
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男人背后的女孩背后的男人背后的枪:第一次世界大战美国道德运动中的性与动机
在第一次世界大战期间,作为一名低级别的美国士兵,Joseph n.Rizzi反复表示,他参与战争——从入伍到训练再到战场参与——都是出于女性的动机。里兹是意大利移民的第一代儿子,最初入伍是因为他的心上人明确告诉他,除非他去打仗,否则她不会嫁给他。在法国的训练和短暂部署期间(他参加了决定性的默兹-阿贡攻势),里兹从他与心上人以及母亲的关系中获得了意义和动力。他证实了他们信件的鼓舞人心的影响,并承认一想到他们的谴责,他就没有放弃自己的部队或犯下任何其他可能导致军事法庭或耻辱的罪行。他回忆说,在法国的一个晚上,他有一种强烈的愿望,想“享受异性的同志情谊,沉浸在爱的身体情感中”,但部分原因是军警守卫着他所在城镇妓院的入口,阻止美国士兵进入。在沮丧中,他回忆道,“我拿出母亲和爱人的照片看。”看着他们的脸,他解释道,“征服的意志变得强烈了。”1
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