Underutilization of workers: an analysis according to the lean management philosophy in basic education

Alberto Eduardo Besser Freitag, Alexandre Barreto de Oliveira
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Abstract

One of the eight wastes that Lean production, inspired by the Toyota Production System, proposes to study is the underutilization of workers, that is, the inadequate use of their intelligence. The sense is to provide listening and participation in improvement projects, of professionals who have experience in daily life and, in many cases, consistent academic qualifications.  The objective of this work is to study the importance of the participation of teachers and employees of a basic education school in the construction of new routines and work methods, in the context of the Lean management philosophy, justified by the scarcity of scientific literature on the subject. Brazil has about 184,000 basic education schools with one million four hundred thousand teachers working from kindergarten to the ninth grade of elementary school, and of these, 83.2% have a college degree, a percentage that grows every year. About the schools, 21.7% are private, 61.3% municipal, 16.6% state, and 0.4% are federal schools. As a research methodology, a systematic review of the literature was adopted, based on the PRISMA protocol, allowing the identification of 53 records, 14 of which were included in the literature review, due to their adherence to the researched subject. The main contribution of this paper is the identification of a research gap involving the underutilization of workers and adoption of the Lean management philosophy in the education sector, as well as a conceptual proposal of the positive impact on the educational organization results by not underutilizing workers, without wasting their intelligence.
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员工利用不足:基于基础教育精益管理理念的分析
受丰田生产系统的启发,精益生产提出要研究的八个废物之一是工人的利用不足,即他们的智力利用不足。这种意义是让具有日常生活经验的专业人士,在许多情况下,具有一致的学历,倾听并参与改进项目。这项工作的目的是在精益管理哲学的背景下,研究基础教育学校的教师和员工参与构建新的日常工作和工作方法的重要性,因为缺乏有关该主题的科学文献。巴西约有18.4万所基础教育学校,从幼儿园到小学九年级有140万名教师,其中83.2%拥有大学学位,这一比例每年都在增长。关于学校,21.7%是私立学校,61.3%是市级学校,16.6%是州立学校,0.4%是联邦学校。作为一种研究方法,根据PRISMA方案,对文献进行了系统综述,从而确定了53项记录,其中14项记录因其与研究对象的一致性而被纳入文献综述。本文的主要贡献是确定了一个涉及员工利用不足的研究缺口,并在教育部门采用了精益管理哲学,以及在不浪费员工智力的情况下,不充分利用员工对教育组织结果产生积极影响的概念性建议。
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