Hamiltonian form of an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation for modelling the wave field in a system with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities

Abstract

We derive a Hamiltonian form of the fourth-order (extended) nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in a nonlinear Klein-Gordon model with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. This equation describes the propagation of the envelope of slowly modulated wave packets approximated by a superposition of the fundamental, second, and zeroth harmonics. Although extended NLSEs are not generally Hamiltonian PDEs, the equation derived here is a Hamiltonian PDE that preserves the Hamiltonian structure of the original nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation. This could be achieved by expressing the fundamental harmonic and its first derivative in symplectic form, with the second and zeroth harmonics calculated from the variational principle. We demonstrate that the non-Hamiltonian form of the extended NLSE under discussion can be retrieved by a simple transformation of variables.