Estimation of the effi ciency of applying nanocomposites as environmentally safe nanofertilizers to stimulate biometric indices of agricultural crops

Abstract

Aim. To estimate the possibilities of applying nanocomposites on the basis of saponite to increase biomet- ric indices of corn hybrid Kharkivsky 340 MV. Methods. laboratory (method of scanning electronic micros- copy, method of fl uorescence induction of chlorophylls, spectrophotometric method of determining the num- ber of green pigments, methods of determining biometric indices of plants), statistical. Results. This article presents the results of investigating the impact of nanocomposites on biometric indices of corn hybrid Kharkivsky 340 MV. It was established that presowing treatment of corn seeds with aqueous solutions of nanocomposites on the basis of saponite in the concentration of 300 mg/l stimulated growth indices of plants. Presowing soaking of seeds in nanocomposite solutions increased the energy of germination, sprouting and length of hybrid corn seedlings. The action of nanocomposite Nb-saponite (Et) in the concentration of 300 mg/l leads to the increase in the germination energy by 10.6 %, the length of a stem part – 2-fold, root system – by 30.3 % and the laboratory germination of seeds is 100 %. The height of a stem of corn plants in the phase of three leaves after presowing treatment of seeds with nanocomposites Saponite (H), Nb-Saponite (Cl) and Nb-Saponite (Et) in the concentration of 300 mg/l exceeded the control by 31.7, 26.2 and 42.7 %, and the length of the root system increased twice. The action of Saponite (H) and Nb-Saponite (Cl) led to the increase in the number and length of the main roots of corn, and Nb-Saponite (Et) stimulated the development of additional roots and formation of root fi brilla. The presowing treatment of corn seeds with the solutions of nanocomposites Saponite (H), Nb-Saponite (Cl), Nb-Saponite (Et) in the concentration of 300 mg/l promoted the increase in the vegetative mass by 35, 27.9 and 56.4 % compared to the control. At the impact of nanocomposites, the area of the leaf plate of plants increased by 20.4 % on average. There was an increase in the sum of chlorophylls (a + b) in plants, whose seeds were previously treated with nanocomposites Nb-Saponite (Cl) and Nb-Saponite (Et) in the concentration of 300 mg/l by 41.2 and 40.6 % compared to the control. Conclusions. The application of nanocomposites on the basis of saponite in the concentration of 300 mg/l for presowing treatment of corn seeds of hybrid Kharkivskyi 340 MV promoted the activation of growth indices and improved the process of photosynthesis.