Agricultural Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Molecular identification of extreme resistance genes to PVY among breeding lines and potato varieties of Ukrainian origin","authors":"Yaroslav Hadzalo, S. O. Kyrychenko, R. Bondus, N. Kozub","doi":"10.15407/agrisp11.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp11.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Molecular identification of two genes responsible for extreme resistance (ER) to potato virus Y (PVY),\u0000viz. Ryadg and Rychc. in potato lines and varieties bred in Ukraine. Methods. In total 78 potato samples (40 breed-\u0000ing lines and 38 varieties) were studied. To identify the Ryadg and Rychc genes, the molecular markers RYSC3 and\u0000Rу186, respectively, were used. The silica-based technique was used to isolate DNA from potato leaves or tubers.\u0000Amplified products were analysed with agarose gel-electrophoresis. Results. Molecular markers were used to\u0000evaluate 40 breeding lines produced by the Polissia Experimental Department of the Institute for Potato Research,\u0000the NAAS, the harvest of 2022, and 38 cultivars, registered in the period of 1981–2015, from the collection of the\u0000Ustymivka experimental station of the Institute of Plant Production n.a. V.Ya. Yuriev, the NAAS. Five varieties,\u0000Oksamyt, Horlytsia, Lybid, Ivankivska rannia, and Ikar, and 19 lines contained the marker for Rychc. The gene Ryadg\u0000marker was detected in one cultivar (Obriy) and eight breeding lines. Six lines carried both genes Ryadg and Rychc.\u0000Field evaluation against the natural PVY infection background indicated false-positive results of the presence of\u0000ER genes in Obriy and Lybid. The frequencies of the ER genes to PVY Ryadg and Rychc were considerably higher\u0000in the group of breeding lines than in the sample of varieties, 47.5 and 10.5 % for Rychc, and 20 and 0 % for Ryadg,\u0000respectively. Conclusions. Our study confirmed the possible presence of extreme resistance genes to PVY, Ryadg\u0000and Rychc, in 4 Ukrainian potato varieties and 21 breeding lines. A higher frequency of carriers of the resistance\u0000genes was present in the new breeding lines (52.5 %) than in the varieties already in production (10.5 %). The total\u0000frequency of both genes was fairly similar to the one detected in the earlier study. If the lines and varieties where\u0000the above-mentioned resistance genes were detected are truly resistant in the field and origin of these resistance\u0000genes in the Ukrainian potato material has still to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current development aspects in Ukraine’s animal breeding with the consideration of the impact of agrarian crises","authors":"I. I. Ibatullin, O. Varchenko, D. Krysanov, O. Varchenko, O. Havryk, L. Kachan, I. O. Lastovs’ka, M. Ibatullin","doi":"10.15407/agrisp11.01.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp11.01.039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SNP analysis of Ukrainian maize inbreds with alternative state of molecular carotenogenesis marker crtRB1-3’TE","authors":"K. Denysiuk, T. Satarova, V. V. Semenova, V. Cherchel, P. Soudek, B. V. Dziubets’kiy","doi":"10.15407/agrisp11.01.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp11.01.077","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. SNP analysis and estimation of genetic relations in maize inbreds with the alternative state of β-carotene hy-\u0000droxylase 1 gene (crtRB1) by the molecular marker crtRB1-3ʹTE. Methods. SNP analysis, statistical methods. BDI-\u0000III panel with 384 SNP markers was used for comparative research of 35 maize inbreds developed and adopted in\u0000the northern Steppe of Ukraine. Results. SNP analysis of investigated inbred set showed that the part of dimorphic\u0000markers was 98.2 %, the average minor allele frequency (MAF) was 0.3040, the average polymorphism information\u0000content (PIC) was 0.3064, and the average shift of genetic diversity of markers was 0.3898. There was no significant\u0000difference between genetic SNP distances within both groups of inbreds with favourable/unfavourable alleles and\u0000between these groups by crtRB1-3ʹTE. The SNP distances were used to build a dendrogram of genetic relations be-\u0000tween maize inbreds with an alternative state of the crtRB1-3ʹTE marker. Conclusions. The relationship between the\u0000allelic state of the β-carotene hydroxylase 1 gene and single nucleotide polymorphism markers for maize inbreds is\u0000presented. The alleles of SNP markers BDI-III-130A, BDI-III-15A, BDI-III-60C, BDI-III-61C, BDI-III-116G, BDI-\u0000III-128A, and BDI-III-129A were found to be most frequent in the inbreds, which are carriers of the favourable allele\u0000of 543 bp of crtRB1 gene by the crtRB1-3ʹTE marker. The random distribution of alleles of this gene among maize\u0000inbreds developed in the northern Steppe of Ukraine was demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of two types of biochars on the photosynthetic apparatus of prickly-seeded spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)","authors":"A. Herts, O. B. Kononchuk, V. V. Pidlisnyuk, N. V. Herts, V. O. Khomenchuk, V. S. Markiv, O.I. Horyn","doi":"10.15407/agrisp11.01.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp11.01.056","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To compare the effect of two biochars from different raw materials and their concentrations in soil on the\u0000main plant photosynthesis processes. Methods. Photosynthetic activity of prickly-seeded spinach plants (Spinacia\u0000oleracea L.), hybrid Corvair F1, was measured under controlled conditions in a pot experiment in a growth chamber\u0000(24–26 oC, light 150 μmol photons m–2 s–1 for 16 h per day; substrate humidity 60 % of full moisture capacity) at the\u0000stage of the fourth true leaf development (BBCH 14) using a portable fluorometer (MultispeQ v1.0), recording the\u0000following parameters: quantum efficiency of photosystem II (φII), quantum yield of non-photochemical quenching\u0000of chlorophyll (φNPQ), fraction of light energy lost due to unregulated processes (φNO), qL – fraction of open\u0000photosystem II; Fv′/Fm′ – maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II, ECSt – capacity of ATP synthase; gH+ –\u0000proton conductivity; vH+ – steady-state proton flux. The two biochars used originated from the aboveground biomass\u0000of Miscanthus plants (Bch1, variants D2-4) and the sewage sludge of municipal sewage treatment plants (Bch2,\u0000variants D5-7) in the amount of 1 % (D2; D5), 3 % (D3; D6), 5 % (D4; D7) from the dry mass of a heavy loamy\u0000low-humus chernozem. Control plants were grown in soil without biochar. The data were statistically processed\u0000using R and RStudio with ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Tukey’s HSD test and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The\u0000measurements were conducted using ten plants per variant. Results. When the biochars Bch1 and Bch2 were applied,\u0000they influenced the photosynthetic properties of plants, including the chlorophyll content. Bch1 did not significantly\u0000increase the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) in spinach leaves, while Bch2 significantly increased SPAD (by\u000017–19 %). The presence of biochar in the soil positively changed the temperature differential (TD) of the leaves,\u0000which indicated transpiration and marked the water supply of plants. The leaves of variants D3 (Bch1, 3 %) and D7\u0000(Bch2, 5 %) were characterized by the most significant negative TD, the hydration of which, compared to the control,\u0000was higher by 3 and 1.7 %, respectively. The study of primary photosynthetic processes by chlorophyll fluorescence\u0000induction showed that both biochars generally had a positive effect on photosynthetic activity, particularly at 3 %\u0000addition on the photosystem II quantum efficiency (φII) and the maximum quantum yield in photosynthesis (Fv′/Fm′).\u0000Non-photochemical quenching without dark adaptation (NPQt) was 35–39 % lower in variants with Bch1, indicating\u0000more efficient use of light energy for photochemical processes, which may indicate that this biochar may contribute\u0000to reduced light energy dissipation and increased photosynthetic efficiency. In general, both types of biochar, reduced\u0000the loss of light energy and increased the photosynthesis efficiency by 3–7 %, thus indicating that they may be used\u0000in practice to stimulate photosynthesis and yie","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of some nucleoli traits in interphase leukocytes of two rabbit breeds and their hybrid","authors":"V. Dsitsiuk, O. Boiko, O. Honchar, O. Havrysh, O. Guzevatiy","doi":"10.15407/agrisp11.01.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp11.01.070","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim was to study the differences in three traits of nucleoli in interphase leukocytes of two rab-\u0000bit breeds and a hybrid thereof. Methods. Doe rabbits, 4-month -old, from Ukrainian breed Poltavske Sriblo\u0000(n = 30), Californian (n = 25), and their hybrid (n = 21) were used in the experiment. The nucleoli in intact\u0000blood leukocytes were stained using silver staining according to Howell and Black (1980). Stained cells were\u0000observed, and their nucleoli counted in light microscopy at 10×100 oil immersion magnification. 200 leukocytes\u0000from each animal were analyzed. The activity of nucleoli was evaluated by the following parameters: the aver-\u0000age number of nucleoli in the nucleus (nNO), the total area of nucleoli in the nucleus (ΣSNO, mcm 2), the share\u0000of nucleolus area in the lymphocyte nucleus area (shΣS NO, %). Statistical analysis was conducted using the\u0000STATISTICA software package (2020). Results. The average number of nucleoli per cell varied from – 1.70 ±\u00000.08 in Californian rabbits to 5.90 ± 0.29 in hybrid animals. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was\u0000found between the experimental groups of purebred and hybrid rabbits. The variation coefficient for the index\u0000of the average number of nucleoli per cell was on the average level of variability: 20.58 % for the rabbits of\u0000Poltavske sriblo breed, 19.50 % for Californian rabbits, and 16.49 % for hybrid ones. The total area of nucleoli\u0000in the cells of all the investigated animals varied from 5 μm2 in one Californian rabbit to 12 μm2 in animals of\u0000hybrid origin. The share of the nucleolus area in the nucleus area for rabbits of Poltavske sriblo, Californian, and\u0000hybrid breeds was 26.10 ± 1.80 %, 24.30 ± 1.62 and 29.40 ± 2.50, respectively. Conclusions. Polymorphism\u0000was observed for three nucleolar parameters after silver staining of interphase leukocytes of rabbits of Poltavske\u0000sriblo, Californian breed and their hybrid. This concerned 1) the average number of nucleoli (p < 0.05); 2) the\u0000total area of nucleoli (p < 0.05); 3) the average share of the nucleolar area in the nucleus area (p < 0.05). The\u0000results of our comparative analysis of the investigated nucleolar activity parameters suggest a higher activity\u0000of nucleoli in the animals of hybrid origin. In the future, the results of such studies may be used to assess the\u0000potential ability of animals to implement productive traits.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene polymorphism in a population of Charolais beef cattle using DNA-markers","authors":"R. O. Kulibaba, Yurii Liashenko, S. V. Kulibaba, M. Sakhatskyi","doi":"10.15407/agrisp11.01.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp11.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the polymorphism of genes, associated with resistance to different diseases (TLR1, TLR4, SLC11A1,\u0000TLR1, TLR4, IFNGR2, SLC11A1, TNFα, and MBL1) in the population of Charolais beef cattle. Methods. The studies\u0000were conducted using the methods of polymerase chain reaction and the restriction fragment length polymorphism\u0000(PCR-RFLP); the artificially created restriction site-PCR (ACRS-PCR) was used to study the polymorphism of gene\u0000MBL1. Results. In the population (n = 100) of Charolais cattle, genes TLR1, IFNGR2, SLC11A1, TNFα, and MBL1\u0000were polymorphic, while TLR4 was found to be monomorphic by three mutant variants (8732G>A, 8834G>C, and\u00002021C>T). BclI-polymorphism of the first exon was used to determine the excess of heterozygous animals (81.8 %);\u0000there were no animals homozygous by allele A. By polymorphism of locus SLC11A1 for SNP6 (7808A>T), we deter-\u0000mined complete domination of the frequency of allele A over T (0.985 vs 0.015), no animals, homozygous by allele\u0000TT, were found. As for SNP5 7400C>G, there were no animals homozygous for allele G; the ratio of alleles C and G\u0000was 0.79 and 0.21, respectively. By locus IFNGR2 (1008A>G), we determined the prevalence of the frequency of al-\u0000lele A over G (0.745 vs 0.255); the animals with genotype AA were the most common. As for gene TNFα (–824A>G),\u0000we determined a two-fold prevalence of the frequency of allele G over A due to a higher number of animals with geno-\u0000type GG (39 %). Some 50 % of the animals were heterozygous for this gene.By locus MBL1,we found the prevalence\u0000of the frequency of allele G (StyI-) as compared to A (StyI+) due to a considerable number of homozygous animals\u0000GG (64 %). The percentage of homozygous animals was 37.8 %. Conclusions. General characteristics of genetic\u0000variability of the Charolais beef cattle population were determined for the loci TLR1, TLR4, IFNGR2, SLC11A1,\u0000TNFα, and MBL1. As for SNP6 7808A>T of locus SLC11A1, we have determined the final stage of allele A fixation,\u0000by the results of which the gene will become completely monomorphic by this mutation. The results of the analysis\u0000of the ratio between the frequencies of alleles and genotypes by the revealed polymorphic markers demonstrated that\u0000it is unreasonable to use animals with different allelic variants of genes TLR1, IFNGR2, SLC11A1 in further studies\u0000on the search for associations with the manifestation of economically valuable traits in Charolais beef cows of the\u0000experimental population due to insufficient number of animals with different genotypes. For loci TNFα and MBL1, we\u0000found enough animals with different genotypes to conduct further association studies. The deviation from the genetic\u0000Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed for the loci TLR1, SLC11A1 (7400C>G), and MBL1 in the population.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability and potential of microsatellite loci of 5HL chromosome in barley genotypes of different origin","authors":"M. Balvinska, V. Fait","doi":"10.15407/agrisp11.01.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp11.01.026","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the polymorphism of microsatellite loci of the 5HL chromosome of barley, including those which\u0000are location in the area of LT-resistance key genes and close to them, to determine and evaluate the frequence of\u0000microsatellite alleles in the genetic material of autumn-sown barley of different origin. Methods. The isolation of\u0000genomic DNA, microsatellite analysis, PCR amplification, gel electrophoresis, and statistical analysis. We studied 46\u0000barley genotypes of different origin, including 33 winter barley varieties, and 13 varieties of alternative (facultative)\u0000growth habit; among these 46 barley genotypes, 21 varieties were developed by PBGI-NCSCI, 25 – of other origin,\u0000including 21 from the countries of Central Europe (Czech Republic/CZ – 2; Grabe, Luran; Germany/DE – 4: Skarpia,\u0000Majbrit, Сinderella, Highlight), Western Europe (France/FR – 1: Anzhelika; the Netherlands/NL – 1: Gerlach) and\u0000Eastern Europe (NGC named after P.P. Lukianenko/RU – 13, 11 winter varieties: Derzhavnyi, Espada, Zhavoronok,\u0000Kondrat, Kumach, Meteor, Metaksa, Mikhailo, Platon, Tigr, Khutorok, and 2 winter-and-spring varieties: Putnik,\u0000Timofei) and 4 Western-Asian varieties (Syria/SYR – 4: Pamir013/Sonata, Pamir065/Pamir149, CWB-117-77-97,\u0000ROHO). Results. The allelic polymorphism was studied by 14 microsatellite loci of the 5HL chromosome of barley,\u0000including those in the area of genes Fr-H1, Fr-H2 and close to these regions, the distribution of the identified micro-\u0000satellite alleles was studied along with their frequencies and genetic diversity in the sampling of 46 collection varieties\u0000of autumn-sown barley of different origin. Among the investigated microsatellite areas of the 5HL chromosome of\u0000barley, only 50 % of loci in the selected samples of varieties were found to be polymorphic. These were microsatellite\u0000loci Bmag0760, GMS061, Bmag0337, UMB702, Bmag0323, Bmag0223, and Bmag0222. We found the dominating\u0000alleles and those with reliably lower frequency, and the alleles specific only for some regions. The estimated values\u0000of the polymorphism information content (PIC) for the investigated polymorphic microsatellite loci varied between\u00000.29 (UMB702) – 0.77 (Bmag0223). The diversity index was 0.54 on average. Conclusions. The results of the study\u0000demonstrated moderate allelic diversity of the investigated microsatellite loci of the 5HL chromosome of barley,\u0000which indicates the presence of potential genetic variability of some loci, the possibility of applying them in further\u0000studies on determining the effects of specific alleles of each locus and their associations with required economically\u0000valuable traits of barley, including resistance to low temperatures (LT-resistance). The potential of polymorphic alleles\u0000as markers of frost-resistance traits of autumn-sown barley genotypes is discussed.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteria-antagonists of the agents of soryz bacterial diseases","authors":"M. V. Reshetnikov, V. Patyka","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.03.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.03.046","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To isolate and identify bacteria with antagonist properties for biocontrol of the agents of bacterial diseases of\u0000soryz (Sorghum oryzoidum) and sorghum crops. Methods. The studies were conducted in 2021-2023. Spore-forming\u0000bacteria were isolated from the soryz samples, collected in the fields of the experimental farm of the Uman National\u0000Horticulture University (Cherkasy region, Uman). Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from soryz plants, collected in\u0000the private land plot, located between the villages of Teolyn, Vladyslavchyk, Kniazhyky in Monastyryshche com-\u0000munity, Uman district, where Pershotravneve hamlet used to be situated. A total of 1,250 samples were analyzed.\u0000The experiment had three repeats. Spore-forming and lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the surface of soryz\u0000plants on the firm ripe stage in summer while isolating phytopathogenic bacteria. The isolates of lactic acid bacteria-\u0000antagonists were also isolated from the inner part of winter stubble stalk of soryz, collected from the tilled field. The\u0000antagonistic activity of the strains of lactic acid bacteria and spore-forming bacteria, isolated from different ecological\u0000niches, to phytopathogens of soryz and sorghum crops was determined in vitro. The strains of Pseudomonas syringae,\u0000the agents of soryz bacterial spots, were used as test-cultures: 211141a, 211141, 210341, 21034, and 210521, along\u0000with the collection strains of phytopathogens: Pseudomonas syringae 8299, Pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae\u0000UKM B-1021, X. oryzae 8375, Dickeya chrysanthemi 8683, Diskeya chryzanthemi 8683. The antagonistic activity of\u0000the extracted isolates of spore-forming and lactic acid bacteria was studied using the method of radial strokes (joint\u0000cultivation of the antagonist and the strains under investigation). The bacterial isolates were deemed inactive if the\u0000growth delay zone was 0–5 mm (–), from 5 to 10 mm (+) – low activity, 11–20 mm (++) – moderate activity, over 20\u0000mm (+++) – high activity regarding the test-cultures. To check the effect of the isolate-antagonist of phytopathogenic\u0000bacteria, artificial infecting was conducted in the field conditions. For this purpose, a diurnal culture of the antagonist\u0000was introduced into the stalk of plants in the concentration of 1×108 colony-forming units, and 24 h later, a culture of\u0000test-strain of the phytopathogen was administered above the previous puncture. The results were evaluated 7–14 days\u0000after the artificial infection. The experiment had three repeats. The isolates of bacteria which demonstrated their an-\u0000tagonistic properties regarding the phytopathogenic bacteria were identified by their morphological properties, Gram\u0000staining, catalase test, profile of carbohydrate fermentation and mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF – Matrix Assisted\u0000Laser Desorption/Ionization) using VITEK MS mass-spectrometer. Results. Thirty-eight spore-forming bacterial iso-\u0000lates were extracted from soryz; among these, 21030, 21095, 21040, ASV1, ASV3, B4 demonstr","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern trends in the development of plant production under agrarian crises","authors":"O. Shust, O. Varchenko, D. Krysanov, O. O. Dragan, K. Tkachenko, O. Varchenko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.03.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the consequences of the cyclic development in the agrarian sector and evaluate the shifts in the structure and the performance of plant production branches due to the course of the transformational and agrarian crises and inter-crisis periods, to disclose the specificities of anti-crisis regulation in the agrarian sector in the postwar time. Methods. Common scientific methods were applied, including historical and logical, dialectic and systemic analysis, theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, variation dynamics, comparison, grouping, indexing, and table methods. Results. The cyclic character of the development in the agrarian sector and its impact on plant produc- tion were studied, and the results demonstrated that agrarian crises are an imminent stage of this process, and their “trough” is a starting point to launch a new cycle. It was found that the prolonged nature of agrarian crises inhibited the restoration cycle so much that the temporal breaks with the cycles of previous periods decreased considerably, and the periods of their complete revolution shortened due to which the scientists distinguish just two phases of crises now instead of traditional four phases: recession and uprising. It was determined that during the transition to new forms of management, there was an obvious destruction of the material resources of plant production with the refusal to keep to the crop rotation order. Still, the redistribution of the land and their division into shares stimulated the organization of modern agrarian enterprises yet delayed the agrarian and land reforms considerably. Due to this factor and other reasons, agricultural plant production at the “trough” of the transformational crisis decreased twice. The analysis demonstrated that the restoration of plant production occurred 12 years after the institutional crisis, followed by its registered rise until the moment of the Russian aggression – up to 156 %, and the development of the industry was closely related to the cyclic character of the functioning in the agrarian sector in general. Due to military actions, the manufacture of plant products has been dropping rapidly for the past two years. It was found that the results of the basic year were achieved differently in terms of different crops: the results for grains, grain legumes, and technical crops were achieved only in 2008; for vegetables and potatoes – in 2000, the yield of sunflower constantly increased, even despite agrarian crises; the performance of sugar beet decreased more than four times in 2021; the results for fruit and berries did not match those of 1990. The main directions of restoring the agrarian resource potential and renewing the manufacture of plant products in the postwar period were suggested. Conclusions. Modern processes of agricul- tural production are subject to the cyclic character of development, the trends of which are clearly copied in the plant production development. It was prove","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of the content and migration of heavy metals in the soils–melliferous plants–bees–beekeeping products system in biocenoses of the combat areas","authors":"A. T. Atarshchykova, O. M. Zhukorskyi, V. O. Postoienko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.03.074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.03.074","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the specificities of perennial dynamics in the number of the main corn insect pests in different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine under climate change. Methods. The field, laboratory, mathematical methods were used. The materials of the phytosanitary entomological monitoring of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Con- sumer Protection (2005–2021) in the basic 161 enterprises in Ukraine’s regions using methodologically standardized annual registrations of the main harmful organisms of agrocenoses (Borzykh еt al, 2018). Six groups of the main corn insect pests were investigated: corn borers (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), wireworms (Elateridae) and false wireworms (Te- nebrionidae), cutworms (Noctuida), southern dusty surface beetle (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyllenhal), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner), and cereal aphids (Schizaphis graminum) Rondani. The database of the Hydrometeoro- logical Center of Ukraine was used to analyze climate parameters (2005–2021). The statistical analysis of the data was conducted using MS Excel and the linear correlation-regression analysis according to Pearson, Student’s criterion was used to evaluate the reliability (probability) of the correlation coefficients. Results. The results of correlational analysis of the state of populations of the main corn insect pests demonstrated that climate change has not considerably affected the number of corn borers as well as wireworms and false wireworms in all the natural and climatic zones of Ukraine yet. A reliable moderate reverse correlation (r = –0.309) was found between the number of cutworms and the sum of effective temperatures (SET) only for the Forest-Steppe conditions – under the increase in the SET, the number of these insects was smaller. The number of the southern dusty surface beetle was in direct, reliable, moderate correlation (r = 0.335) with the SET in the Steppe, for instance, the pest responded to the increase in the SET with the rise in its number. The number of cotton bollworms in Polissia was in reliable moderate correlation (r = –0.489) with the SET. The number of cereal aphids was in a reliable moderate direct correlation (r = 0.529) with the SET in Polissia: at the increase in the SET, the number of these pests was increasing. Conclusions. Conclusions: Climate changes do not considerably affect the state of the populations of the main corn insect pests in all the natural and climatic zones of Ukraine yet: we found the correlations between the number of insect pests and the SET which did not exceed such values as weak, moderate, and conspicuous. Significant changes in the state of insect pest populations should be expected if the sum of effective temperatures during the vegetation period will considerably affect the performance and feeding qualities of the cultivated plants.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}