Species diversity, trophic structure, and taxonomic distinctness of molluscan assemblages associated with Sargassum beds in a historically impacted bay

Abstract

Anthropogenic impacts on coastal habitats can result in alterations of diversity parameters in marine invertebrate assemblages. Macroalgae beds are highly susceptible to human-induced disturbances, supporting a great diversity of molluscan species and being ecologically important for coastal ecosystems. This study investigates the diversity alterations on Sargassum-associated molluscan assemblages from areas with different distances from a main source of pollution within a historically impacted bay in Brazil. In general, sites closer to the pollution source presented lower species diversity, trophic diversity, and taxonomic relatedness among species. Beta diversity among assemblages was highly correlated with environmental differentiations among localities due to heavy metal concentrations in algal tissue. Bittiolum varium was the dominant species and was mainly responsible for differences in community parameters. Several trophic groups were well-represented in Sargassum-associated molluscan fauna, but assemblages were mostly dominated by micrograzers. A seasonal trend was observed in diversity alterations, with lower diversity during warm season at most sites except Santa Rita, possibly because it is the site less affected by human impacts. The importance of other environmental variables, such as hydrodynamism, for molluscan composition is also discussed. Our results highlight the potential of Sargassum-associated molluscan assemblages for the study of impacted areas and reinforce the importance of using multiple community metrics to understand the biodiversity patterns of marine invertebrates under anthropogenic impacts.