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The Role of Temperature in the Termination of Dormancy in Zooplankton
IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1111/maec.70012
Emma Svahn, Marcus Hall, Samuel Hylander

Organisms in systems with seasonality require adaptations that enable them to endure harsh conditions and to emerge again at an optimal time to start a new period of production. One such adaptation is dormant eggs in zooplankton. While there is much information on the cues leading to the production of dormant eggs, less is known about the termination and hatching of these eggs, especially among marine zooplankton. Our results from a combined laboratory and field study at a coastal Baltic Sea site showed that hatching in some overwintering copepods was temperature-dependent, with a threshold-like initiation between 6°C and 9°C. In contrast, overwintering rotifers hatched in comparable abundances in all temperatures, once a similar amount of degree-days had been accumulated. The field study demonstrated that nauplii started to appear when temperatures increased above 6.8°C and were more abundant close to the sediment than in surface water in early spring, matching the hatching threshold found in the laboratory. Various rotifers increased in abundance at different times during the spring phenology, but without any differences in abundance between deep and surface waters. Hence, the hatching of zooplankton dormant eggs in this system is temperature-dependent, likely taxa-specific, and continued climate change is predicted to have implications for the plankton phenology, mismatches, and food web composition.

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引用次数: 0
Edge Device Integration to Visualize Blue Whale Tracking Using Space-Borne Remote Sensing Data 利用天基遥感数据实现蓝鲸追踪可视化的边缘设备集成
IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1111/maec.70003
S. Vasavi, Prudhvi Narayana Bandaru, Balasai Sigireddy

The global whale population is shrouded in uncertainty, primarily due to the substantial costs and resource demands associated with traditional detection methods such as sighting surveys, acoustic monitoring, and high-resolution imagery analysis. This study presents a groundbreaking approach that employs transformer-based models, specifically RTDetr with customized backbone and Segformer-based encoder–decoder architecture with skip connections, for the autonomous detection, classification, and tracking of blue whales in the Indian Ocean using space-borne satellite imagery. By integrating datasets from SASPlanet, UK Polar data, and Worldview-2 imagery around Sri Lanka, and validating with Cartosat-2E Satellite data (1.16 m) from NSIL Bangalore, ISRO. The proposed research developed a robust system capable of processing high-resolution satellite images for cost-effective whale detection. This system is accessible through Telegram and WhatsApp bots, facilitating real-time detection and tracking via deployment on a Jetson Nano board. Our model achieved impressive performance metrics, including an F1 score of 90%, mean average precision (mAP) of 83%, precision of 90%, and recall of 98%. These results demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in automating whale detection, offering a scalable and efficient tool for advancing marine conservation efforts.

全球鲸鱼数量笼罩在不确定性之中,这主要是由于传统探测方法(如目击调查、声学监测和高分辨率图像分析)需要大量成本和资源。本研究提出了一种开创性的方法,该方法采用了基于变压器的模型,特别是带有定制骨干网的 RTDetr 和基于 Segformer 的编码器-解码器架构与跳接连接,利用天基卫星图像对印度洋上的蓝鲸进行自主检测、分类和跟踪。通过整合 SASPlanet、英国极地数据和斯里兰卡周围的 Worldview-2 图像数据集,并利用国际空间研究组织 NSIL Bangalore 的 Cartosat-2E 卫星数据(1.16 米)进行验证。拟议的研究开发了一个强大的系统,能够处理高分辨率卫星图像,进行经济有效的鲸鱼探测。该系统可通过 Telegram 和 WhatsApp 机器人访问,并通过部署在 Jetson Nano 板上进行实时检测和跟踪。我们的模型取得了令人印象深刻的性能指标,包括 90% 的 F1 分数、83% 的平均精度 (mAP)、90% 的精确度和 98% 的召回率。这些结果证明了我们的方法在鲸鱼自动检测方面的功效,为推进海洋保护工作提供了一种可扩展的高效工具。
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引用次数: 0
A Multilevel Biodiversity Approach of the Hermit Crabs in the Iberian Peninsula and Ultraperipheral Territories
IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/maec.70011
Bruno Almón, J. Enrique García-Raso, Jose A. Cuesta

The crustaceans of the superfamily Paguroidea constitute one of the most diverse groups within the Decapoda, exhibiting remarkable morphological and ecological diversity. Despite the relatively high number of described species worldwide, there are still many gaps in the knowledge of this group, particularly regarding genetic information. This study aims to update the geographic distribution information currently available for the hermit crab species in the Iberian Peninsula, Azores, Canary Islands, and Madeira, and generate a molecular database supported by morphological identification. The results are summarized in an updated list of Paguroidea recorded in the study area, which comprises a total of 55 species, representing a significant increase from previous compilations. Newly generated sequences, including those from the study area and closely related species from other areas, provide the first molecular information for 35 out of the 70 species analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses provide evidence of the species delimitation capabilities of molecular tools when reliable morphology-based information is available. Molecular analyses using two mitochondrial markers largely corresponded, supporting most traditionally established species and validating the morphological characters used for delimitation. Specifically, the COI gene showed better results and clearer topologies, suggesting greater utility for exploring species delimitation when using single-gene identification as a DNA barcode. Overall, the results of this long-term study will improve the capabilities for species delimitation, in addition to updating the composition and richness of species in the area.

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引用次数: 0
Trends for Research on Hard Substrate Colonization by Meiofauna
IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1111/maec.70010
Marcos Eduardo Miranda Santos, Débora Spenassato, Ana Maria Volkmer de Azambuja, Jorge Luiz Silva Nunes, Maurício Garcia de Camargo

The relationships between meiofaunal communities and hard substrate are relatively well-documented in the scientific literature. However, a comprehensive quantitative review of global research on meiofauna colonization across different hard substrates has not yet been conducted. In this study, a scientometric analysis was performed to evaluate scientific interest in various hard substrates in studies exploring the influence of spatial heterogeneity on meiofaunal colonization. A total of 124 articles published from 1967 to 2023 were selected from online databases. Macroalgae were the most frequently studied hard substrate, and it was the one that harbors the highest abundance and richness values compared to other substrates. Studies predominantly focused on specific taxonomic groups, particularly Copepoda, Harpacticoida, and Ostracoda. Nematoda, Copepoda, Harpacticoida, and Amphipoda were the most commonly recorded meiofaunal taxa. Geographically, the United States of America was the most productive country in this field, followed by Brazil. Multivariate analyses, especially Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS), were the primary quantitative methods used. A decline in studies on meiofauna-substrate relationships over recent years was observed. Given the extensive research on macroalgal colonization, future studies should consider a wider variety of hard substrates to expand understanding in this field.

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引用次数: 0
The Hidden Forests Below: A Review of the Ecology and Evolution of Wood Falls on the Deep Seafloor
IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1111/maec.70008
Craig R. McClain, Diva Amon, Marshall Bowles, S. River D. Bryant, Granger Hanks, Sydney McDermott, Eugenia Thomas, Emily Young

Wood falls—parcels of wood that sink to the deep-sea floor—represent unique and dynamic ecosystems that support a highly diverse and evolutionarily distinct assemblage of faunal communities. The fauna inhabiting wood falls exhibit a high degree of endemism, with many species using the wood not only as a substrate and habitat but also as a direct or indirect source of organic matter. Xylophagous species play a critical role in breaking down the wood, creating complex food webs and contributing to nutrient cycling in the deep-sea environment. The composition of faunal communities associated with sunken wood is influenced by several factors, including the physical properties of the wood itself, such as species, mass, and surface area, as well as environmental conditions like water depth, geographic location, and the stage of ecological succession. These factors interact to shape the biodiversity and ecological processes within wood falls, making them temporally and spatially finite habitats. Their distinct boundaries and lifespans are tightly linked to the rate of wood degradation, primarily driven by specialized wood-boring organisms. Despite their ecological significance, most knowledge about wood-fall ecosystems comes from experimental studies rather than from observations of naturally occurring wood falls. This has left significant gaps in our understanding of the natural variability and ecological roles of these systems in the deep sea. The scarcity of natural wood-fall records poses challenges for fully grasping their contribution to deep-sea biodiversity, carbon cycling, and biogeography. In this review, we synthesize the current state of knowledge on wood-fall ecosystems. We also explore the potential applications of wood-fall research in broader ecological, industrial, and environmental contexts. Wood falls offer valuable insights into deep-sea ecosystem functioning, biodiversity maintenance, and species evolution.

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引用次数: 0
Idiosyncratic Recovery Patterns in Coral Reefs of the Maldives Following Climate Disturbance
IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1111/maec.70009
M. Donati, C. N. Bianchi, C. Morri, M. Montefalcone

The severe heatwave that occurred in April–May 2016 caused widespread bleaching and mortality in the Maldivian coral reefs. In this study, the main factors that influenced coral recovery were investigated, that is, reef typology and exposure (ocean vs. lagoon) and depth (5 m vs. 10 m). Field surveys were conducted in 2019 and 2021 on 26 Maldivian reefs through photographic samplings. Changes in coral community structure and composition were analysed using the percent cover of the dominant coral families in the Maldives (Acroporidae, Pocilloporidae, and Poritidae) and of a number of benthic categories (encrusting corals, soft-bodied organisms, abiotic components). Following the climate disturbance, most of the reefs were still dominated by abiotic components (mainly coral rubble and dead corals) after 5 years, although a slight recovery in hard coral cover was registered. Ocean reefs, dominated by massive Poritidae corals, exhibited a higher recovery capacity than lagoon reefs. Lagoon reefs displayed a higher coral mortality and spatial variability in their recovery patterns and in the coral community composition. Encrusting corals and soft-bodied organisms played a major role in the reef regeneration. The predicted increase in heatwaves frequency due to climate change makes long-term monitoring mandatory to tackle coral reefs' recovery potential and to evaluate their resilience to global warming. Photographic sampling represents a cost-effective methodology to monitor coral communities regularly and objectively evaluate changes in the abundance of the main reef components.

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引用次数: 0
High Spatiotemporal Diversity of Sand Temperatures and Estimated Hatchling Sex Ratios of Green Turtle in an Important North Pacific Rookery
IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1111/maec.70004
Yusuke Sugimoto, Satomi Kondo, Hideaki Nishizawa, Tomoatsu Ijichi, Yoji Yamamoto, Carlos A. Strüssmann, Shohei Kobayashi

Sea turtles exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination with warmer incubation temperatures producing more females. Evidence from some regions indicates that global warming may already be increasing the proportion of female hatchlings, but this trend may not be uniform across all areas. Therefore, it is fundamental to understand the spatiotemporal diversity of sand temperature profiles and hatchling sex ratios within each rookery when developing conservation measures. The Ogasawara Islands (27°1′–11′ N, 142°9′–14′ E), Japan, are a highly isolated oceanic archipelago and one of the most important rookeries for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the North Pacific. The islands show high inter-beach environmental differences, but to date no study has assessed how these differences translate into spatiotemporal diversity of sand temperatures and hatchling sex ratios. In the present study, we measured the sand temperature at different depths and estimated the hatchling sex ratios from the thermal profiles at seven important nesting beaches of the green turtle in the Ogasawara Islands during 2018–2019. Results showed a marked spatiotemporal diversity in sand temperatures, with estimated hatchling sex ratios varying from male-biased to female-biased among the seven beaches. The spatiotemporal diversity is likely associated with the environmental characteristics between beaches, such as degree of shading, ground vegetation cover, and sand color, as well as seasonal temperature shifts. Nest depth is likely irrelevant for estimating hatchling sex ratios in the Ogasawara Islands. Continuous monitoring of the nesting environments is needed for efficient conservation of green turtle resources.

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引用次数: 0
Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes Evidence High Trophic Segregation Within a Meso- to Bathypelagic Micronektonic Invertebrate Community From Canyons in the North-East Atlantic
IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1111/maec.70005
Liz Loutrage, Jérôme Spitz, Anik Brind'Amour, Tiphaine Chouvelon

In deep-pelagic ecosystems, the trophic ecology of micronektonic species (such as fish, jellyfish, krill, shrimps, and cephalopods) is largely overlooked, with most research focusing almost exclusively on fish. However, like fish, invertebrate organisms play key roles in food webs, both as consumers and as predators. Here, we aimed to provide an integrated overview of the relative trophic position, segregation, and overlap of all main groups of species constituting the deep-pelagic micronektonic community. Stable nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) isotope compositions have thus been measured in 13 species belonging to three groups (jellyfish, crustaceans, and cephalopods) sampled in the Bay of Biscay slope area (Northeast Atlantic), as proxies for trophic level and feeding habitat of species. The addition of published isotopic data from deep-pelagic fish sampled in the same zone also allowed the inclusion of vertebrates in the analyses of the trophic structure of the community. The invertebrate community exhibited wide ranges of δ15N and δ13C values (6.45‰ and 2.71‰, respectively). Cephalopods appeared to segregate along a continuum of δ15N values, with important differences between muscular and fast-swimming species (Histioteuthis reversa and Todarodes sagittatus) presenting higher δ15N values than gelatinous species (Teuthowenia megalops and Haliphron atlanticus). In contrast, crustaceans appeared to have lower δ15N values and to be more strongly segregated by δ13C values, suggesting different feeding habitats (range δ13C = 2.71‰). Some species showed more pelagic (13C-depleted) signatures (e.g., Meganyctiphanes norvegica) while others showed 13C-enriched values, possibly corresponding to a more benthopelagic diet (e.g., the two Pasiphaeidae species). Isotopic niche calculations at the group level revealed important overlaps between cephalopods and fish, as well as between jellyfish and crustaceans. These results are of significant importance for understanding the complex functioning of growing interest deep-pelagic food webs on slope areas, by promoting a multi-taxa approach.

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引用次数: 0
Macroalgae and Light Availability Modulate the Distribution of the Temperate Coral Astrangia poculata
IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1111/maec.70001
Taylor Lindsay, Willow Dunster, Carlos Prada

The temperate coral Astrangia poculata is rapidly becoming a convenient system for studying symbiosis, microbiome, and thermal resilience. However, the ecology of this species is poorly understood. A. poculata is a temperate coral that employs facultative symbiosis to survive in cold, nutrient-rich New England waters. The two ecotypes—symbiotic mixotrophic and aposymbiotic heterotrophic colonies—exist in the same environment, but their abundance changes across depth gradients. We conducted quadrat sampling along a depth gradient to quantify the density of A. poculata at Fort Wetherill State Park, RI, and determine the correlates of ecotype distribution. Further, we quantified light availability and macroalgal cover as possible ecological drivers of abundance. Symbiotic and aposymbiotic A. poculata exhibited a bell curve distribution along the depth gradient. In shallow environments, where both light and macroalgae are abundant, macroalgal cover was inversely related to coral density, implying a negative effect on coral abundance. In deeper environments where macroalgae were not present, coral cover was higher. However, light limitation and depth may limit A. poculata abundance, with symbiotic colonies growing no deeper than 12.5 m and only aposymbiotic colonies present from 13 to 22 m. As macroalgae abundance and turbidity increase with more nutrient loading in coastal marine ecosystems, monitoring their effect on the distribution and density of A. poculata is critical to conserve this monotypic species.

{"title":"Macroalgae and Light Availability Modulate the Distribution of the Temperate Coral Astrangia poculata","authors":"Taylor Lindsay,&nbsp;Willow Dunster,&nbsp;Carlos Prada","doi":"10.1111/maec.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The temperate coral <i>Astrangia poculata</i> is rapidly becoming a convenient system for studying symbiosis, microbiome, and thermal resilience. However, the ecology of this species is poorly understood. <i>A. poculata</i> is a temperate coral that employs facultative symbiosis to survive in cold, nutrient-rich New England waters. The two ecotypes—symbiotic mixotrophic and aposymbiotic heterotrophic colonies—exist in the same environment, but their abundance changes across depth gradients. We conducted quadrat sampling along a depth gradient to quantify the density of <i>A. poculata</i> at Fort Wetherill State Park, RI, and determine the correlates of ecotype distribution. Further, we quantified light availability and macroalgal cover as possible ecological drivers of abundance. Symbiotic and aposymbiotic <i>A. poculata</i> exhibited a bell curve distribution along the depth gradient. In shallow environments, where both light and macroalgae are abundant, macroalgal cover was inversely related to coral density, implying a negative effect on coral abundance. In deeper environments where macroalgae were not present, coral cover was higher. However, light limitation and depth may limit <i>A. poculata</i> abundance, with symbiotic colonies growing no deeper than 12.5 m and only aposymbiotic colonies present from 13 to 22 m. As macroalgae abundance and turbidity increase with more nutrient loading in coastal marine ecosystems, monitoring their effect on the distribution and density of <i>A. poculata</i> is critical to conserve this monotypic species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49883,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can Copepods Feed on Kelp Detritus? A Laboratory Study With Calanus finmarchicus
IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q3 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1111/maec.70002
Kristina Ø. Kvile, Marc Anglès d'Auriac, Dag Altin, Rolf Erik Olsen, Kasper Hancke

Kelp forests are dynamic coastal habitats that generate large amounts of carbon-rich detritus. The fate of this detritus is largely unknown and considered a missing link in global carbon budgets. Kelp detritus can serve as food for benthic invertebrates and pelagic invertebrate larvae, but we know close to nothing about the role of kelp detritus as food for other zooplankton. We conducted feeding experiments to test if the highly abundant pelagic copepod Calanus finmarchicus can feed on fragments of two dominant kelp species, Saccharina latissima and Laminaria hyperborea. A series of experiments including particle ingestion, fecal pellet production, and DNA tracing tended to support the hypothesis that C. finmarchicus can feed on kelp particles of both species, but at a reduced rate relative to when on a regular phytoplankton diet. Moreover, the results provide initial evidence that L. hyperborea contains substances that are toxic to copepods, an observation that warrants further research. Pelagic copepods consuming kelp detritus would constitute a largely undescribed pathway of carbon from benthic primary producers to the pelagic food web, and a trajectory for deep-sea carbon sequestration. We hope these preliminary results will inspire future studies on the role of pelagic filter feeders in carbon transport and turnover from macroalgae habitats.

{"title":"Can Copepods Feed on Kelp Detritus? A Laboratory Study With Calanus finmarchicus","authors":"Kristina Ø. Kvile,&nbsp;Marc Anglès d'Auriac,&nbsp;Dag Altin,&nbsp;Rolf Erik Olsen,&nbsp;Kasper Hancke","doi":"10.1111/maec.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kelp forests are dynamic coastal habitats that generate large amounts of carbon-rich detritus. The fate of this detritus is largely unknown and considered a missing link in global carbon budgets. Kelp detritus can serve as food for benthic invertebrates and pelagic invertebrate larvae, but we know close to nothing about the role of kelp detritus as food for other zooplankton. We conducted feeding experiments to test if the highly abundant pelagic copepod <i>Calanus finmarchicus</i> can feed on fragments of two dominant kelp species, <i>Saccharina latissima</i> and <i>Laminaria hyperborea</i>. A series of experiments including particle ingestion, fecal pellet production, and DNA tracing tended to support the hypothesis that <i>C. finmarchicus</i> can feed on kelp particles of both species, but at a reduced rate relative to when on a regular phytoplankton diet. Moreover, the results provide initial evidence that <i>L. hyperborea</i> contains substances that are toxic to copepods, an observation that warrants further research. Pelagic copepods consuming kelp detritus would constitute a largely undescribed pathway of carbon from benthic primary producers to the pelagic food web, and a trajectory for deep-sea carbon sequestration. We hope these preliminary results will inspire future studies on the role of pelagic filter feeders in carbon transport and turnover from macroalgae habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":49883,"journal":{"name":"Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/maec.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Marine Ecology-An Evolutionary Perspective
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