Dendroanatomy of xylem hydraulics in two pine species: Efficiency prevails on safety for basal area growth in drought-prone conditions

IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Dendrochronologia Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.dendro.2023.126116
Emanuele Ziaco , Xinsheng Liu , Franco Biondi
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Abstract

Xylem structure optimizes water conductivity while preventing hydraulic failure via embolism resistance, but how this process is modulated by climate variability and how it affects secondary growth in mature trees is still not fully understood, particularly in water-limited environments. Using quantitative wood anatomy techniques, we estimated xylem anatomical proxies for hydraulic efficiency (xylem specific conductivity, Ks) and safety (cell wall reinforcement, wrein) in two western US conifers, Pinus flexilis and Pinus longaeva, at a montane and subalpine location respectively. We built two large datasets (570 rings for P. flexilis, 635 rings for P. longaeva) to investigate 1) the variability of anatomical parameters (i.e lumen diameter, cell wall thickness) and hydraulic proxies along the stem in the five outermost rings (2009–2013); 2) the response of hydraulic proxies to daily climate over a period of 24 years (1990–2013); and 3) the relationship between xylem hydraulic architecture and basal area increment (BAI). Lumen diameter scaled along the stem following a power function, but the scaling patterns of cell wall thickness and hydraulic proxies differed significantly between species. From 1990–2013, Ks decreased in both species, whereas wrein increased only in P. longaeva, while no trends were observed in BAI. Climate sensitivity of Ks peaked over a longer period (84–102 days) compared to wrein (20–55 days), responding to increasing minimum temperature. In both species, Ks was a better predictor of BAI than wrein, indicating that, even under severely water-limited conditions, radial growth is linked to hydraulic efficiency rather than safety. Based on the variability of cell density along the stem, the trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety in P. longaeva appeared to be controlled by a strategy of space occupation. Characterizing the mechanistic relationship between xylem anatomy, plant hydraulic functioning, and stem growth is necessary to better understand climate-growth relationships in the western US and species’ growth plasticity under future climate change scenarios.

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两种松树木质部水力学的树状解剖学:在干旱易发条件下,有效性高于安全性
木质部结构优化了水的导电性,同时通过抗栓塞防止水力破坏,但这一过程如何受到气候变化的调节,以及它如何影响成熟树木的次生生长,仍然没有完全了解,特别是在缺水的环境中。利用定量木材解剖技术,我们估算了两种美国西部针叶松(Pinus flexilis)和长叶松(Pinus longaeva)在山地和亚高山地区的木质部水力效率(木质部特定电导率,Ks)和安全性(细胞壁增强,wrein)的木质部解剖学指标。我们建立了两个大型数据集(P. flexilis为570个环,P. longaeva为635个环)来研究1)解剖参数(即管腔直径,细胞壁厚度)的变异性和五个最外层环沿茎的水力指标(2009-2013);(2) 1990—2013年24 a的水力指标对日气候的响应;3)木质部水力构型与基底面积增量(BAI)的关系。管腔直径沿茎呈幂函数缩放,但细胞壁厚度和水力指标的缩放模式在种间差异显著。1990-2013年,两种植物的Ks值均呈下降趋势,而wrin值仅在龙海白杨中呈上升趋势,而BAI值无变化趋势。与冬季(20 ~ 55 d)相比,冬季的气候敏感性峰值持续时间更长(84 ~ 102 d),与最低气温升高有关。在这两个物种中,Ks比wrein更能预测BAI,这表明,即使在严重缺水的条件下,径向生长与水力效率有关,而不是与安全性有关。基于细胞密度沿茎的变异性,龙葵的水力效率和安全性之间的权衡似乎受到空间占用策略的控制。研究木质部解剖、植物水力功能和茎生长之间的机制关系,对于更好地理解未来气候变化情景下美国西部地区的气候-生长关系和物种的生长可塑性是必要的。
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来源期刊
Dendrochronologia
Dendrochronologia FORESTRY-GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
13.30%
发文量
82
审稿时长
22.8 weeks
期刊介绍: Dendrochronologia is a peer-reviewed international scholarly journal that presents high-quality research related to growth rings of woody plants, i.e., trees and shrubs, and the application of tree-ring studies. The areas covered by the journal include, but are not limited to: Archaeology Botany Climatology Ecology Forestry Geology Hydrology Original research articles, reviews, communications, technical notes and personal notes are considered for publication.
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