Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126300
Ester González de Andrés , Antonio Gazol , Michele Colangelo , Cristina Valeriano , Alejandro Cantero , J. Julio Camarero
In the last decades, climate change has boosted the occurrence of severe dry and warm episodes that impair the functioning of forests. Elevated evaporative demand, i.e., high vapour pressure deficit, during the growing season limits the ability of trees to fix carbon and growth thus increasing the likelihood of tree dieback and mortality. While climate change impacts on tree growth are widely documented, we still lack a clear understanding on how wood density responds to temperature increases, particularly for hardwood tree species near their warm distribution edges. We evaluated the annual growth and wood density variability of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in two forests suffering tree mortality in northern Spain. We used dendrochronology to quantify tree-ring-width and basal area increment (BAI) and densitometry analyses to obtain annual wood density profiles of non-declining (ND) and declining (D) trees. In addition, resistography was employed to estimate resistance drilling density. We found a higher BAI of ND as compared with D trees in the two species, since the severe 2012 drought for beech and after the 1960s for oak. By contrast, differences between vigour classes in wood density were only evident in oak during the last decade, when D trees showed a decreasing trend. Beech growth was enhanced by wet-cool summer conditions, whereas density increased in response to dry-warm spring conditions and cool temperatures during the previous autumn. Oak growth was enhanced by dry-warm conditions in the prior winter and in the summer of the year of growth. High minimum temperatures during the previous autumn, spring and summer increased wood density in ND oak trees, while high precipitation during spring reduced wood density in D trees. We found that resistance drilling profiles did not differ between vigour classes in beech, but D oak trees showed lower resistance to penetration in the sapwood than ND trees, consistent with densitometry profiles. Our results indicate that radial growth data have better capacity to differentiate declining and healthy trees than density and resistograph profiles in European beech and pedunculate oak.
{"title":"Recent declines in radial growth and wood density characterize dieback in European beech and pedunculate oak","authors":"Ester González de Andrés , Antonio Gazol , Michele Colangelo , Cristina Valeriano , Alejandro Cantero , J. Julio Camarero","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the last decades, climate change has boosted the occurrence of severe dry and warm episodes that impair the functioning of forests. Elevated evaporative demand, i.e., high vapour pressure deficit, during the growing season limits the ability of trees to fix carbon and growth thus increasing the likelihood of tree dieback and mortality. While climate change impacts on tree growth are widely documented, we still lack a clear understanding on how wood density responds to temperature increases, particularly for hardwood tree species near their warm distribution edges. We evaluated the annual growth and wood density variability of European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L.) and pedunculate oak (<em>Quercus robur</em> L.) in two forests suffering tree mortality in northern Spain. We used dendrochronology to quantify tree-ring-width and basal area increment (BAI) and densitometry analyses to obtain annual wood density profiles of non-declining (ND) and declining (D) trees. In addition, resistography was employed to estimate resistance drilling density. We found a higher BAI of ND as compared with D trees in the two species, since the severe 2012 drought for beech and after the 1960s for oak. By contrast, differences between vigour classes in wood density were only evident in oak during the last decade, when D trees showed a decreasing trend. Beech growth was enhanced by wet-cool summer conditions, whereas density increased in response to dry-warm spring conditions and cool temperatures during the previous autumn. Oak growth was enhanced by dry-warm conditions in the prior winter and in the summer of the year of growth. High minimum temperatures during the previous autumn, spring and summer increased wood density in ND oak trees, while high precipitation during spring reduced wood density in D trees. We found that resistance drilling profiles did not differ between vigour classes in beech, but D oak trees showed lower resistance to penetration in the sapwood than ND trees, consistent with densitometry profiles. Our results indicate that radial growth data have better capacity to differentiate declining and healthy trees than density and resistograph profiles in European beech and pedunculate oak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 126300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><div>Searching for drought tolerant species is one of the adaptative management measures that could be implemented to improve forest resilience in the context of more intense and frequent droughts brought be climate change. Western European forests are already suffering from drought-induced tree mortality, in native as well as in well-established non-native species. Novel non-native species (i.e., non-native species that have not yet undergone thorough operational testing or previously been grown at forestry scale) with high drought resistance in their original geographic range could be an alternative. To this end, the ecology and drought response of these species need to be investigated in their area of introduction. We applied a dendroecological approach on trees of <em>Abies nordmanniana</em> (Steven) Spach (AN), <em>Chamaecyparis lawsoniana</em> (A.Murray bis) (CL), and <em>Thuja plicata</em> Donn ex. D.Don. (TP) from Belgian arboreta (Western Europe). First, we identified the main climatic drivers of species radial growth, using Bootstrapped Correlation Coefficients between tree ring indices and climate indicators related to drought, heat, and cold stresses. Second, we assessed the species growth response to exceptional drought events, using resistance, recovery and resilience indices and an integrated index comparing the actual resilience to a theoretical full resilience. We investigated the effects of species and drought timing on these indices using linear mixed models. The radial growth of the three species was negatively influenced by the water deficit during the previous growing season (especially in fall and summer), lower precipitation in the previous October, colder temperatures in late winter-early spring, and lower minimal temperatures in May. TP is the most sensitive species to previous summer conditions as it was negatively affected by the number of days with a mean temperature above 30°C, while AN was the least sensitive species with no significant Bootstrapped Correlation Coefficients for previous summer precipitation and temperatures. AN and TP differed from CL in being negatively affected in spring by higher maximal temperatures versus lower precipitation respectively. The effects of species and drought timing on resistance and recovery were significant. Overall, early and whole growing season droughts had a stronger negative effect than late droughts. AN and CL were more resistant to early and late droughts than TP, while the opposite was observed for recovery. The species showed less pronounced differences in resilience. CL was the species the closest to the theoretical full resilience, followed by AN: these two species appear to be good candidates for improving drought resistance of Western European forests. However, one must not forget that introducing novel species is associated with ecological risks and a thorough assessment of these risks must be carried out before promoting these species in forestry. Future rese
{"title":"Drought resilience of three coniferous species from Belgian arboreta highlights them as promising alternatives for future forests in Western Europe","authors":"Morgane Dendoncker , Camille Guisset , Mathieu Jonard , Alexandra Delente , Quentin Ponette , Caroline Vincke","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Searching for drought tolerant species is one of the adaptative management measures that could be implemented to improve forest resilience in the context of more intense and frequent droughts brought be climate change. Western European forests are already suffering from drought-induced tree mortality, in native as well as in well-established non-native species. Novel non-native species (i.e., non-native species that have not yet undergone thorough operational testing or previously been grown at forestry scale) with high drought resistance in their original geographic range could be an alternative. To this end, the ecology and drought response of these species need to be investigated in their area of introduction. We applied a dendroecological approach on trees of <em>Abies nordmanniana</em> (Steven) Spach (AN), <em>Chamaecyparis lawsoniana</em> (A.Murray bis) (CL), and <em>Thuja plicata</em> Donn ex. D.Don. (TP) from Belgian arboreta (Western Europe). First, we identified the main climatic drivers of species radial growth, using Bootstrapped Correlation Coefficients between tree ring indices and climate indicators related to drought, heat, and cold stresses. Second, we assessed the species growth response to exceptional drought events, using resistance, recovery and resilience indices and an integrated index comparing the actual resilience to a theoretical full resilience. We investigated the effects of species and drought timing on these indices using linear mixed models. The radial growth of the three species was negatively influenced by the water deficit during the previous growing season (especially in fall and summer), lower precipitation in the previous October, colder temperatures in late winter-early spring, and lower minimal temperatures in May. TP is the most sensitive species to previous summer conditions as it was negatively affected by the number of days with a mean temperature above 30°C, while AN was the least sensitive species with no significant Bootstrapped Correlation Coefficients for previous summer precipitation and temperatures. AN and TP differed from CL in being negatively affected in spring by higher maximal temperatures versus lower precipitation respectively. The effects of species and drought timing on resistance and recovery were significant. Overall, early and whole growing season droughts had a stronger negative effect than late droughts. AN and CL were more resistant to early and late droughts than TP, while the opposite was observed for recovery. The species showed less pronounced differences in resilience. CL was the species the closest to the theoretical full resilience, followed by AN: these two species appear to be good candidates for improving drought resistance of Western European forests. However, one must not forget that introducing novel species is associated with ecological risks and a thorough assessment of these risks must be carried out before promoting these species in forestry. Future rese","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 126282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126284
Irena Sochová , Tomáš Kolář , Rudolf Brázdil , Tomáš Kyncl , Josef Kyncl , Marián Melo , Miroslav Trnka , Mykhailo Bilanych , Michal Rybníček
Annually resolved and absolutely dated multi-century to multi-millennium tree-ring width (TRW) chronologies are essential for the precise dating of wooden artefacts and for climate reconstruction or dendro-paleoclimate studies. Although Transcarpathian basin region is largely forested and rich in historic buildings, a long and well-replicated oak TRW chronology has so far been lacking. This paper describes how we developed a new composite chronology, determined the number of sapwood rings and assessed positive and negative pointer years in relation to weather and climate extremes. We took 429 oak TRW measurements of 247 samples from living trees and 182 from historical buildings, gathered within Transcarpathian basin. The new Transcarpathian TRW chronology spans the period from 1400 to 2020 CE. The number of sapwood rings ranged from 6 to 23 within 95 % confidence limits. Our results revealed a total of 38 negative and 41 positive pointer years. While CRU gridded meteorological data indicated significant correlations only for positive extremes and high June–July precipitation, documentary data confirmed the importance of wet summers for positive and dry summers for negative pointer years. The new Transcarpathian oak TRW chronology shows a strong growth coherence and will allow historical and archaeological wood artefacts in the eastern Pannonian Plain to be dated. In addition, the use of the chronology for past climate reconstruction is conditioned by improved replication at the transition from recent and relict samples together with its extension further back.
{"title":"A new 621-year Transcarpathian oak tree-ring chronology (Eastern Europe)","authors":"Irena Sochová , Tomáš Kolář , Rudolf Brázdil , Tomáš Kyncl , Josef Kyncl , Marián Melo , Miroslav Trnka , Mykhailo Bilanych , Michal Rybníček","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Annually resolved and absolutely dated multi-century to multi-millennium tree-ring width (TRW) chronologies are essential for the precise dating of wooden artefacts and for climate reconstruction or dendro-paleoclimate studies. Although Transcarpathian basin region is largely forested and rich in historic buildings, a long and well-replicated oak TRW chronology has so far been lacking. This paper describes how we developed a new composite chronology, determined the number of sapwood rings and assessed positive and negative pointer years in relation to weather and climate extremes. We took 429 oak TRW measurements of 247 samples from living trees and 182 from historical buildings, gathered within Transcarpathian basin. The new Transcarpathian TRW chronology spans the period from 1400 to 2020 CE. The number of sapwood rings ranged from 6 to 23 within 95 % confidence limits. Our results revealed a total of 38 negative and 41 positive pointer years. While CRU gridded meteorological data indicated significant correlations only for positive extremes and high June–July precipitation, documentary data confirmed the importance of wet summers for positive and dry summers for negative pointer years. The new Transcarpathian oak TRW chronology shows a strong growth coherence and will allow historical and archaeological wood artefacts in the eastern Pannonian Plain to be dated. In addition, the use of the chronology for past climate reconstruction is conditioned by improved replication at the transition from recent and relict samples together with its extension further back.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 126284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126286
Thaís Jorge de Vasconcellos , Ramon Silva dos Santos , Marcelino José dos Anjos , Mário Tomazello-Filho , Cátia Henriques Callado
Trees are capable of recording in their wood the environmental conditions they experience, earning them recognition as environmental archives. Dendrochemistry relates wood chemistry to environmental chemistry and internal biological processes that influence the absorption and incorporation of chemical elements into growth rings. We evaluated the annual concentrations of chemical elements fixed in the wood of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna (Malvaceae) at two Atlantic Forest locations, representing low and high urbanization, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The samples used had been dated in a previous dendrochronological study and each growth ring was subjected to energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Eleven chemical elements were detected in the growth rings of Ceiba speciosa at both study sites. Concentrations varied among evaluated years and between sites, showing a positive relationship between concentrations accumulated in wood and concentrations present in the soil where the plants develop. The levels of potentially toxic elements in the wood increased significantly at the urban site, mainly since the end of the 1980s. The increase in the concentration of potentially toxic chemical elements in the xylem due to urbanization is a process little discussed for tropical species. In this sense, the dendrochemical study of Ceiba speciosa in the city of Rio de Janeiro represents an important historical environmental report for the Atlantic Forest. The present results, combined with those obtained previously in relation to cambial activity and wood anatomy and tree growth rates of wood and trees in urban environments, indicate that Ceiba speciosa has potential as an important biomarker in environmental monitoring studies.
{"title":"Recording chemical changes in an urban environment: A dendrochemical study of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna (Malvaceae) in the Atlantic Forest","authors":"Thaís Jorge de Vasconcellos , Ramon Silva dos Santos , Marcelino José dos Anjos , Mário Tomazello-Filho , Cátia Henriques Callado","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trees are capable of recording in their wood the environmental conditions they experience, earning them recognition as environmental archives. Dendrochemistry relates wood chemistry to environmental chemistry and internal biological processes that influence the absorption and incorporation of chemical elements into growth rings. We evaluated the annual concentrations of chemical elements fixed in the wood of <em>Ceiba speciosa</em> (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna (Malvaceae) at two Atlantic Forest locations, representing low and high urbanization, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The samples used had been dated in a previous dendrochronological study and each growth ring was subjected to energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Eleven chemical elements were detected in the growth rings of <em>Ceiba speciosa</em> at both study sites. Concentrations varied among evaluated years and between sites, showing a positive relationship between concentrations accumulated in wood and concentrations present in the soil where the plants develop. The levels of potentially toxic elements in the wood increased significantly at the urban site, mainly since the end of the 1980s. The increase in the concentration of potentially toxic chemical elements in the xylem due to urbanization is a process little discussed for tropical species. In this sense, the dendrochemical study of <em>Ceiba speciosa</em> in the city of Rio de Janeiro represents an important historical environmental report for the Atlantic Forest. The present results, combined with those obtained previously in relation to cambial activity and wood anatomy and tree growth rates of wood and trees in urban environments, indicate that <em>Ceiba speciosa</em> has potential as an important biomarker in environmental monitoring studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 126286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126285
Revaz Kvaratskhelia, Alexander Gavashelishvili
Encompassing 44 % forest cover across a diverse elevational gradient (sea level to 2500 m asl) and encompassing biomes ranging from semi-arid to temperate rainforests, Georgia, a country within the Caucasus biodiversity hotspot, presents an unexploited opportunity for dendroclimatological research. This study assesses the suitability of Common Yew (Taxus baccata) for dendroclimatic reconstruction in Georgia. We develop the first dendrochronology in Georgia’s Batsara Nature Reserve by obtaining the species' single master chronology, analyzing the relationship between annual tree-ring growth and climate, and reconstructing past climate over the last 445 years. Results indicate that the average wintertime temperature is the most important climatic driver for the formation of the annual rings, with narrower rings corresponding to colder winters and delayed spring onsets. The reconstructed temperature aligns more closely with rural Northern Hemisphere land surface temperature records, suggesting minimal influence from urbanization bias (aka the urban heat island effect). This study demonstrates the suitability of Common Yew for dendrochronology and dendroclimatology in the Caucasus region.
{"title":"Common Yew (Taxus baccata) as a climate archive: Reconstructing 200 years of temperature change in Georgia (Caucasus)","authors":"Revaz Kvaratskhelia, Alexander Gavashelishvili","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Encompassing 44 % forest cover across a diverse elevational gradient (sea level to 2500 m asl) and encompassing biomes ranging from semi-arid to temperate rainforests, Georgia, a country within the Caucasus biodiversity hotspot, presents an unexploited opportunity for dendroclimatological research. This study assesses the suitability of Common Yew (<em>Taxus baccata</em>) for dendroclimatic reconstruction in Georgia. We develop the first dendrochronology in Georgia’s Batsara Nature Reserve by obtaining the species' single master chronology, analyzing the relationship between annual tree-ring growth and climate, and reconstructing past climate over the last 445 years. Results indicate that the average wintertime temperature is the most important climatic driver for the formation of the annual rings, with narrower rings corresponding to colder winters and delayed spring onsets. The reconstructed temperature aligns more closely with rural Northern Hemisphere land surface temperature records, suggesting minimal influence from urbanization bias (aka the urban heat island effect). This study demonstrates the suitability of Common Yew for dendrochronology and dendroclimatology in the Caucasus region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 126285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126283
Kristof Haneca , Vincent Debonne , Darren Davies , Danny McCarroll , Neil J. Loader
We explore the applicability and geographic reach of two northwest European stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) chronologies for the precision dating of annually resolved δ18O series developed from late 15th-century oak (Quercus sp.) roof timbers from St. James’ Church in Bruges, Belgium. In doing so this study assesses ring-width dendrochronology and provenance analysis alongside oxygen isotope dendrochronology in Belgium and its surrounding regions. The δ18O-series of the historical timbers display a high internal coherence, allowing the construction of a mean isotope series (1325–1468 CE). Cross-dating against master chronologies for Central England, U.K. and Fontainebleau, France, provide reliable matches that surpass statistical thresholds and quality control measures, corroborating the dating results obtained from conventional ring-width dating. Oxygen stable isotope dendrochronology emerges as a valuable tool for precise dating of historical timber structures. This pilot study demonstrates the applicability of existing reference chronologies beyond their core regions and underscores its significance in cultural heritage studies. Despite the demanding nature of the technique in terms of time and expertise, the potential benefits warrant continued investment in expanding the temporal and geographic coverage of well-replicated oxygen isotope reference chronologies.
{"title":"Oxygen isotope dendrochronology allows dating of historical timbers across a wide geographical region","authors":"Kristof Haneca , Vincent Debonne , Darren Davies , Danny McCarroll , Neil J. Loader","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore the applicability and geographic reach of two northwest European stable oxygen isotope (δ<sup>18</sup>O) chronologies for the precision dating of annually resolved δ<sup>18</sup>O series developed from late 15th-century oak (<em>Quercus</em> sp.) roof timbers from St. James’ Church in Bruges, Belgium. In doing so this study assesses ring-width dendrochronology and provenance analysis alongside oxygen isotope dendrochronology in Belgium and its surrounding regions. The δ<sup>18</sup>O-series of the historical timbers display a high internal coherence, allowing the construction of a mean isotope series (1325–1468 CE). Cross-dating against master chronologies for Central England, U.K. and Fontainebleau, France, provide reliable matches that surpass statistical thresholds and quality control measures, corroborating the dating results obtained from conventional ring-width dating. Oxygen stable isotope dendrochronology emerges as a valuable tool for precise dating of historical timber structures. This pilot study demonstrates the applicability of existing reference chronologies beyond their core regions and underscores its significance in cultural heritage studies. Despite the demanding nature of the technique in terms of time and expertise, the potential benefits warrant continued investment in expanding the temporal and geographic coverage of well-replicated oxygen isotope reference chronologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 126283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126298
Ernesto C. Rodríguez-Ramírez , Teresa Terrazas
Increased hydric stress may result in a reshaping of tree species distribution in moist environments. Dioecious tree species may be more vulnerable to climate warming if sex-related sensitivity to drought occurs since lower performance of one sex may drive differential stress tolerance and sex-related mortality rates. We assessed sex-related differences in Neotropical montane podocarps (Podocarpus matudae subsp. matudae) Latewood Blue Intensity (LWBI) and tracheid anatomical plasticity, including lumen radial diameter, wall tangential thickness, cell radial diameter, Mork's index, and hydraulic efficiency and safety. We hypothesized that podocarp latewood growth shows increasing sensitivity to extreme climatic events (i.e. the wettest and driest years), and that the anatomical adaptation (phenotypic plasticity) of the latewood tracheids is influenced identically by limiting climatic factors in both sexes. In addition, this study aimed to 1) test podocarp sex-related differences in LWBI chronology and regional climate sensitivity, as well as spatial signatures of these relationships; 2) assess the influence of climate on tracheid anatomical features between female and male podocarps; and 3) evaluate wood anatomical adaptation between female and male podocarps in the historically wettest and driest years. The responses of the LWBI to the local mean maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and monthly precipitation showed sex-related differences. Specifically, sex differences in LWBI chronology demonstrated dissimilar spatial precipitation signals across Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Female and male latewood tracheid traits show high anatomical plasticity associated with hydraulic efficiency, which is essential for understanding the resilience of tropical dioecious conifers in moist slope environments. Our results provide insights into how sex differences in LWBI chronologies and sex tracheid anatomical traits may be differentially adapted to wetter and drier climates.
{"title":"Concatenating latewood blue intensity and wood anatomical sensitivity in Neotropical montane podocarps: How does sex-related climate trigger tracheid plasticity?","authors":"Ernesto C. Rodríguez-Ramírez , Teresa Terrazas","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased hydric stress may result in a reshaping of tree species distribution in moist environments. Dioecious tree species may be more vulnerable to climate warming if sex-related sensitivity to drought occurs since lower performance of one sex may drive differential stress tolerance and sex-related mortality rates. We assessed sex-related differences in Neotropical montane podocarps (<em>Podocarpus matudae</em> subsp. <em>matudae</em>) Latewood Blue Intensity (LWBI) and tracheid anatomical plasticity, including lumen radial diameter, wall tangential thickness, cell radial diameter, Mork's index, and hydraulic efficiency and safety. We hypothesized that podocarp latewood growth shows increasing sensitivity to extreme climatic events (i.e. the wettest and driest years), and that the anatomical adaptation (phenotypic plasticity) of the latewood tracheids is influenced identically by limiting climatic factors in both sexes. In addition, this study aimed to 1) test podocarp sex-related differences in LWBI chronology and regional climate sensitivity, as well as spatial signatures of these relationships; 2) assess the influence of climate on tracheid anatomical features between female and male podocarps; and 3) evaluate wood anatomical adaptation between female and male podocarps in the historically wettest and driest years. The responses of the LWBI to the local mean maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and monthly precipitation showed sex-related differences. Specifically, sex differences in LWBI chronology demonstrated dissimilar spatial precipitation signals across Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Female and male latewood tracheid traits show high anatomical plasticity associated with hydraulic efficiency, which is essential for understanding the resilience of tropical dioecious conifers in moist slope environments. Our results provide insights into how sex differences in LWBI chronologies and sex tracheid anatomical traits may be differentially adapted to wetter and drier climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 126298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126297
Loreta Facciano, Yamila Sasal, María Laura Suarez
Accelerated climate warming, marked by rising temperatures and reduced precipitation, intensifies droughts, causing severe impacts on forest ecosystems. The mechanisms underlying the loss of tree vigor due to climate warming, are not fully understood. Overall, it appears that vigor loss is moderately controlled by regional climatic patterns and species admixture, as intra- and inter-specific interactions within a stand influence tree growth and drought performance. However, the role of the species mixing under climatic stress remains inconclusive. Here, we applied a dendroecological approach to assess growth trends, climatic responses, and drought performance in Austrocedrus chilensis trees growing under three species stand mixtures (pure, mixed, and diverse) in Patagonia, Argentina. Along the precipitation gradient, the general relationship between A. chilensis growth and moisture availability is driven by regional climatic conditions, while the response to individual extreme events is modulated by species mixing. We found that trees in mixed and diverse stands exhibited a positive growth trend in the recent decades, suggesting a beneficial effect of species combination; though the evidence remains limited on whether this complementarity lessens growth response during droughts. The drought response of A. chilensis was mainly shaped by the precipitation gradient rather than by stand admixture effects. However, species mixing may buffer regional climate impacts, slightly enhancing drought resilience. Comparing nearby stands with different compositions (pure vs. mixed) revealed varying climate-growth relationships, suggesting a coherent species-mixing effect on species growth. In conclusion, this relationship between stand diversity and functioning appears to be influenced by site-specific factors and species identity.
{"title":"Moderate effects of species mixing on the growth and drought response of Austrocedrus chilensis in northern Patagonia","authors":"Loreta Facciano, Yamila Sasal, María Laura Suarez","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accelerated climate warming, marked by rising temperatures and reduced precipitation, intensifies droughts, causing severe impacts on forest ecosystems. The mechanisms underlying the loss of tree vigor due to climate warming, are not fully understood. Overall, it appears that vigor loss is moderately controlled by regional climatic patterns and species admixture, as intra- and inter-specific interactions within a stand influence tree growth and drought performance. However, the role of the species mixing under climatic stress remains inconclusive. Here, we applied a dendroecological approach to assess growth trends, climatic responses, and drought performance in <em>Austrocedrus chilensis</em> trees growing under three species stand mixtures (pure, mixed, and diverse) in Patagonia, Argentina. Along the precipitation gradient, the general relationship between <em>A. chilensis</em> growth and moisture availability is driven by regional climatic conditions, while the response to individual extreme events is modulated by species mixing. We found that trees in mixed and diverse stands exhibited a positive growth trend in the recent decades, suggesting a beneficial effect of species combination; though the evidence remains limited on whether this complementarity lessens growth response during droughts. The drought response of <em>A. chilensis</em> was mainly shaped by the precipitation gradient rather than by stand admixture effects. However, species mixing may buffer regional climate impacts, slightly enhancing drought resilience. Comparing nearby stands with different compositions (pure vs. mixed) revealed varying climate-growth relationships, suggesting a coherent species-mixing effect on species growth. In conclusion, this relationship between stand diversity and functioning appears to be influenced by site-specific factors and species identity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 126297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143201872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126296
Stefan Klesse , Christof Bigler
It is generally recognized that time series of tree-ring widths must be detrended, i.e. the age- or size-related trend must be removed before any climate-growth analysis can be performed. However, in contrast to ring-width (RW) analyses, there are no best practice rules on how to use basal area increment (BAI). BAI as an important variable in forestry has become also an increasingly used variable in dendrochronology. BAI is considered a better representative of the overall tree growth than RW and it is supposedly less affected by age trends than RW.
In this paper, we provide guidance by investigating the common rhetoric surrounding the use of BAI in the literature, and by highlighting possible problems and consequences from apparent misconceptions. We performed a literature review for the period 2018–2023, whether age trends in BAI time series are considered in the analysis. We also conducted additional analyses with a published tree-ring dataset of Klesse et al. (2018) to investigate whether BAI or RW time series exhibit stronger trends. Both the literature review and the data analysis provide no support for the frequently used claim that BAI time series have smaller age trends which would preclude detrending. In fact, in 58 % of the investigated time series, age trends in BAI are stronger than in RW when the trees are younger than 50 years old, and even between the ages of 51 and 100 years, we found stronger trends in BAI in 44 % of the cases. We also provide an overview of three general methods for calculating the BAI together with their advantages and disadvantages. We discuss whether the inside-out method, the outside-in method, or the Bakker (2005) method are useful to convert RW to BAI when the pith offset estimate (POE) and the diameter at breast height (DBH) are available or missing, respectively. We conclude with a general recommendation to calculate BAI based on both POE and DBH information using the Bakker method. Further, analyses with BAI should always consider the size or age of each tree, especially when trends or growth rates are compared for trees of different age classes. For climate-growth analyses, the detrending of BAI is always necessary. By addressing these key issues, we aim to improve the reliability and consistency of BAI-based studies in dendrochronology and climate-growth research.
{"title":"Growth trends in basal area increments: The underlying problem, consequences for research and best practices","authors":"Stefan Klesse , Christof Bigler","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is generally recognized that time series of tree-ring widths must be detrended, i.e. the age- or size-related trend must be removed before any climate-growth analysis can be performed. However, in contrast to ring-width (RW) analyses, there are no best practice rules on how to use basal area increment (BAI). BAI as an important variable in forestry has become also an increasingly used variable in dendrochronology. BAI is considered a better representative of the overall tree growth than RW and it is supposedly less affected by age trends than RW.</div><div>In this paper, we provide guidance by investigating the common rhetoric surrounding the use of BAI in the literature, and by highlighting possible problems and consequences from apparent misconceptions. We performed a literature review for the period 2018–2023, whether age trends in BAI time series are considered in the analysis. We also conducted additional analyses with a published tree-ring dataset of Klesse et al. (2018) to investigate whether BAI or RW time series exhibit stronger trends. Both the literature review and the data analysis provide no support for the frequently used claim that BAI time series have smaller age trends which would preclude detrending. In fact, in 58 % of the investigated time series, age trends in BAI are stronger than in RW when the trees are younger than 50 years old, and even between the ages of 51 and 100 years, we found stronger trends in BAI in 44 % of the cases. We also provide an overview of three general methods for calculating the BAI together with their advantages and disadvantages. We discuss whether the inside-out method, the outside-in method, or the Bakker (2005) method are useful to convert RW to BAI when the pith offset estimate (POE) and the diameter at breast height (DBH) are available or missing, respectively. We conclude with a general recommendation to calculate BAI based on both POE and DBH information using the Bakker method. Further, analyses with BAI should always consider the size or age of each tree, especially when trends or growth rates are compared for trees of different age classes. For climate-growth analyses, the detrending of BAI is always necessary. By addressing these key issues, we aim to improve the reliability and consistency of BAI-based studies in dendrochronology and climate-growth research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 126296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143201869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126295
Maxim Yermokhin , Andrej Maczkowski , Matthias Bolliger , John Francuz , Adrian Anastasi , Krist Anastasi , Ariane Ballmer , Mirco Brunner , Ilirjan Gjipali , Tryfon Giagkoulis , Martin Hinz , Marco Hostettler , Johannes Reich , Sönke Szidat , Albert Hafner
Archaeological research in 2021–2023 at the site of Lin 3 located on the western shore of Lake Ohrid on the Albanian side shows the extraordinary potential of a cluster of prehistoric lakeshore settlements with wooden architectural remains (so called pile-dwellings) for dendroarchaeological investigations. On an excavated area of 347 m2, 706 wood samples from architectural elements were collected, with pine wood comprising 60 %. For the first time on a waterlogged submerged Neolithic settlement in the Balkans and the wider Mediterranean area, several rows of pine piles interpreted as palisades have been identified and dated by combining radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology. Additionally, their year-by-year evolution over six decades has been reconstructed, providing insights into the development of these structures within their wider context. The resulting tree-ring chronology LIN3–01 is 192-years long, with a modelled end-date for its last ring in the range of 4347–4333 cal BCE. Its robust cross-dating against oak and juniper chronologies from Ploča Mičov Grad, a site on the opposite shore of Lake Ohrid in North Macedonia, extends the tree-ring record in the region for another 10 years and increases sample replication in poorly replicated decades.
{"title":"Dendroarchaeology at Lake Ohrid: Pine tree-ring chronology and 5th millennium BCE palisades from the pile-dwelling settlement of Lin 3, Albania","authors":"Maxim Yermokhin , Andrej Maczkowski , Matthias Bolliger , John Francuz , Adrian Anastasi , Krist Anastasi , Ariane Ballmer , Mirco Brunner , Ilirjan Gjipali , Tryfon Giagkoulis , Martin Hinz , Marco Hostettler , Johannes Reich , Sönke Szidat , Albert Hafner","doi":"10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dendro.2025.126295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Archaeological research in 2021–2023 at the site of Lin 3 located on the western shore of Lake Ohrid on the Albanian side shows the extraordinary potential of a cluster of prehistoric lakeshore settlements with wooden architectural remains (so called pile-dwellings) for dendroarchaeological investigations. On an excavated area of 347 m<sup>2</sup>, 706 wood samples from architectural elements were collected, with pine wood comprising 60 %. For the first time on a waterlogged submerged Neolithic settlement in the Balkans and the wider Mediterranean area, several rows of pine piles interpreted as palisades have been identified and dated by combining radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology. Additionally, their year-by-year evolution over six decades has been reconstructed, providing insights into the development of these structures within their wider context. The resulting tree-ring chronology LIN3–01 is 192-years long, with a modelled end-date for its last ring in the range of 4347–4333 cal BCE. Its robust cross-dating against oak and juniper chronologies from Ploča Mičov Grad, a site on the opposite shore of Lake Ohrid in North Macedonia, extends the tree-ring record in the region for another 10 years and increases sample replication in poorly replicated decades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50595,"journal":{"name":"Dendrochronologia","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 126295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143201868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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