Fluid Mechanics in France in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

IF 25.4 1区工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI:10.1146/annurev-fluid-120720-010041

F. Charru

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Abstract

If one opens today a textbook on fluid mechanics, it seems that whereas French scientists of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries are frequently mentioned, those from more recent times occur rarely; in particular, French contributions to the major breakthroughs of the first half of the twentieth century (boundary layers and turbulence) would appear quite modest. However, study of contemporary documents (PhD theses, journals, correspondence, etc.) reveals remarkable work undertaken by outstanding personalities. A key instigator of these achievements was the French Air Ministry, which, starting in 1929, and with great open-mindedness, created and generously financed four Institutes of Fluid Mechanics and five teaching centers in faculties of science. This reveals the 1930s in their true light as a fruitful decade, with achievements that explain the prominent role played by France in the creation of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) in 1946. This review recounts the story of fluid mechanics in France, with emphasis on the connection between scientific questions and social and cultural issues, in a period marked by two world wars and great strengthening of international relationships. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 55 is January 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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20世纪上半叶法国的流体力学

如果你今天打开一本流体力学的教科书，你会发现书中经常提到十八、十九世纪的法国科学家，而近代的科学家却很少出现;特别是，法国对20世纪上半叶的重大突破(边界层和湍流)的贡献将显得相当有限。然而，对当代文献(博士论文、期刊、通信等)的研究揭示了杰出人物所做的卓越工作。这些成就的主要发起者是法国空军部，它从1929年开始，以极大的开放思想，创建并慷慨资助了四个流体力学研究所和五个科学学院的教学中心。这揭示了20世纪30年代是一个硕果累累的十年，其成就解释了法国在1946年创建国际理论与应用力学联合会(IUTAM)中所起的突出作用。这篇综述叙述了流体力学在法国的故事，重点是在两次世界大战和国际关系加强的时期，科学问题与社会和文化问题之间的联系。预计流体力学年度评论第55卷的最终在线出版日期为2023年1月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

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来源期刊

Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 物理-力学

CiteScore

54.00

自引率

0.40%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is a longstanding publication dating back to 1969 that explores noteworthy advancements in the field of fluid mechanics. Its comprehensive coverage includes various topics such as the historical and foundational aspects of fluid mechanics, non-newtonian fluids and rheology, both incompressible and compressible fluids, plasma flow, flow stability, multi-phase flows, heat and species transport, fluid flow control, combustion, turbulence, shock waves, and explosions. Recently, an important development has occurred for this journal. It has transitioned from a gated access model to an open access platform through Annual Reviews' innovative Subscribe to Open program. Consequently, all articles published in the current volume are now freely accessible to the public under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. This new approach not only ensures broader dissemination of research in fluid mechanics but also fosters a more inclusive and collaborative scientific community.

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