A Study of Baroclinic Instability Induced Convergence Near the Bottom Using Water Age Simulations: NEAR-BOTTOM CONVERGENCE

Abstract

Baroclinic instability of lateral density gradients gives way to lateral buoyancy transport, which often results in convergence of buoyancy transport. Along a sloping bottom, the induced convergence can force upward extension of bottom water. Eddy transport induced convergence at the bottom and the consequent suspended layers of bottom properties are investigated using a three-dimensional idealized model. Motivated by the distinct characteristics of intrusions over the Texas-Louisiana shelf, a series of configura-tions are performed with the purpose of identifying parameter impacts on the intensity of eddy transport. This study uses the ‘‘horizontal slope Burger number’’ as the predominant parameter; the parameter is func-tioned with S H 5 SRi 2 1 = 2 5 d = Ri to identify formation of baroclinic instability, where S is the slope Burger number, d is the slope parameter, and Ri is the Richardson number, previously shown to be the parameter that predicts the intensity of baroclinic instability on the shelf. Intrusion spreads into the interior abutting a layer that is characterized by degraded vertical stratification; a thickening in the bottom boundary layer colocates with the intrusion, which usually thins at either edge of the intrusion because of a density barrier in association with concentrated isopycnals. The intensity of convergence degrades and bottom tracer fluxes reduce linearly with increased S H on logarithmic scales, and the characteristics of bottom boundary layer behavior and the reversal in alongshore current tend to vanish.