Distributed recycling system with microwave-based heating for obsolete alkaline batteries

IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Resources Environment and Sustainability Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.resenv.2022.100071
Shoki Kosai , Daiki Kurogi , Keita Kozaki , Eiji Yamasue
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

In the recycling sector, the transition in system networks from centralization to decentralization is an emerging concept. The feasibility to decentralize the recycling of e-waste needs to be analyzed, considering the different characteristics of each municipality. We propose a distributed recycling system for obsolete alkaline batteries using microwave apparatus as a small-scale recycling technology. Firstly, the reactivity of obsolete alkaline batteries with microwave irradiation was empirically examined. In lab-based experiments, pyrometallurgical microwave-based heating successfully separated a mixed sample of Mn3O4 and ZnO contained in obsolete alkaline batteries and recovered MnO and Zn separately, achieving a recovery rate of 97% under an ambient atmosphere. It was also found that the recovery rate of zinc obtained by microwave-based heating is 1.5-fold that using conventional electric furnace-based heating, with less than half of the heating time required. The experimental results were then used to analytically determine the energy efficiency of the distributed recycling system for the treatment of obsolete alkaline batteries with microwave apparatus compared with the centralized recycling system. In an analytical study which considered the characteristics of 1710 municipalities in Japan, it was found that an annual energy and greenhouse gas reduction of 26,500 GJ and 1.54 Gg-CO2eq, respectively, can be achieved at the national level by creating a well-balanced harmony between the centralized and distributed systems. The method applied in this study to determine the effectiveness based on population and intercity transport distance can be readily implemented in any city for the adoption of a distributed recycling system.

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废弃碱性电池微波加热分布式回收系统
在回收部门,系统网络从集中到分散的过渡是一个新兴的概念。考虑到每个城市的不同特点,需要分析电子垃圾分散回收的可行性。本文提出了一种利用微波装置作为小型回收技术的废旧碱性电池分布式回收系统。首先,对废弃碱性电池经微波辐照后的反应性进行了实证研究。在实验室实验中,采用火法微波加热方法成功分离了废碱性电池中含有的Mn3O4和ZnO混合样品,并分别回收了MnO和Zn,在环境气氛下回收率达到97%。还发现,微波加热获得的锌回收率是传统电炉加热的1.5倍,加热时间不到传统电炉加热的一半。利用实验结果分析了微波处理废旧碱性电池分布式回收系统与集中式回收系统的能量效率。在一项考虑了日本1710个城市特征的分析研究中,发现通过在集中式和分布式系统之间建立良好的平衡,可以在国家一级分别实现每年26,500 GJ和1.54 gg - co2当量的能源和温室气体减少。本研究采用的基于人口和城际交通距离的方法可以很容易地在任何采用分布式回收系统的城市中实施。
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来源期刊
Resources Environment and Sustainability
Resources Environment and Sustainability Environmental Science-Environmental Science (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
15.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
审稿时长
33 days
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