Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100182
Zheng Fang , Guangqi Xiong , Zongxuan Shao , Shuai Zhou , Guangfeng Ou , Lei Liu , Michio Suzuki , Chong Wang , Yuya Sakai
Rapid urbanization produces billions of tons of concrete waste annually, with recycled concrete powder (RCP) posing significant challenges due to its high porosity and limited reusability. To overcome RCP’s inherent limitations and maximize resource utilization, we developed a novel “Recycled Concrete Powder Electrolyzer” for selective recovery of key components. This electrochemical method efficiently extracted Ca2＋ ions from RCP, achieving a 96% calcium extraction efficiency comparable to acid leaching. The process produced high-purity portlandite (94% purity; 65.58% yield) with crystal sizes below , ideal for cement manufacturing, while also recovering fine sand powder and silica-containing products. A Ca(NO3)2 electrolyte enhanced Ca2＋ migration and prevented membrane fouling, resulting in lower energy consumption compared to the NaNO3 system. By converting RCP into a carbon-free cement precursor and recovering valuable components, this approach demonstrates the feasibility of transforming problematic waste into sustainable construction materials. It offers a circular economy solution for concrete waste recycling, reducing landfill burden while providing a low-emission alternative for cement production.
{"title":"Electrochemical recycling of recycled concrete powder: Selective recovery of calcium and silica to enable sustainable construction materials","authors":"Zheng Fang , Guangqi Xiong , Zongxuan Shao , Shuai Zhou , Guangfeng Ou , Lei Liu , Michio Suzuki , Chong Wang , Yuya Sakai","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization produces billions of tons of concrete waste annually, with recycled concrete powder (RCP) posing significant challenges due to its high porosity and limited reusability. To overcome RCP’s inherent limitations and maximize resource utilization, we developed a novel “Recycled Concrete Powder Electrolyzer” for selective recovery of key components. This electrochemical method efficiently extracted Ca<sup>2＋</sup> ions from RCP, achieving a 96% calcium extraction efficiency comparable to acid leaching. The process produced high-purity portlandite (94% purity; 65.58% yield) with crystal sizes below <span><math><mrow><mn>30</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>, ideal for cement manufacturing, while also recovering fine sand powder and silica-containing products. A Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> electrolyte enhanced Ca<sup>2＋</sup> migration and prevented membrane fouling, resulting in lower energy consumption compared to the NaNO<sub>3</sub> system. By converting RCP into a carbon-free cement precursor and recovering valuable components, this approach demonstrates the feasibility of transforming problematic waste into sustainable construction materials. It offers a circular economy solution for concrete waste recycling, reducing landfill burden while providing a low-emission alternative for cement production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100179
Sara Giarola , Iván García Kerdan , Peter Johnston , Nick Macaluso , Baltazar Solano Rodriguez , Ilkka Keppo , Adam Hawkes , David Daniels
The implementation of asymmetric emission reduction policies can not only increase the cost of reducing emissions but also reduce the effectiveness of climate policies themselves, leading to policy inefficiencies such as carbon leakage. This paper investigates the impact of asymmetric emission reduction policies on the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of climate strategies in North America. Using a model inter-comparison approach, which combines two bottom-up global models and one top-down global model, this study assesses the effects of such policies on fuel substitution, global fossil fuel trade, and emissions in North America and globally. It is the first work where a multi-model approach is used for exploring how different energy systems react to asymmetric carbon policies. This provides critical insights into regional policy design within a global emissions framework. Quantitatively, the study reveals that asymmetric carbon pricing can lead to more than 60% global emissions reduction in certain models, but can also drive trade distortions, where U.S. exemptions result in emissions rising by more than 10% compared to reference scenarios. Qualitatively, significant fuel substitution patterns across Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. demonstrate increased coal consumption when carbon prices are unevenly applied. While no global emission increase was observed, asymmetric policies result in inefficiencies between local policy costs and emissions reduction outcomes, such as rising fossil fuel trade in non-abating regions. The findings suggest that harmonising carbon policies across regions would reduce inefficiencies and minimise carbon leakage.
{"title":"Effects of asymmetric policies to achieve emissions reduction on energy trade: A North American perspective","authors":"Sara Giarola , Iván García Kerdan , Peter Johnston , Nick Macaluso , Baltazar Solano Rodriguez , Ilkka Keppo , Adam Hawkes , David Daniels","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The implementation of asymmetric emission reduction policies can not only increase the cost of reducing emissions but also reduce the effectiveness of climate policies themselves, leading to policy inefficiencies such as carbon leakage. This paper investigates the impact of asymmetric emission reduction policies on the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of climate strategies in North America. Using a model inter-comparison approach, which combines two bottom-up global models and one top-down global model, this study assesses the effects of such policies on fuel substitution, global fossil fuel trade, and emissions in North America and globally. It is the first work where a multi-model approach is used for exploring how different energy systems react to asymmetric carbon policies. This provides critical insights into regional policy design within a global emissions framework. Quantitatively, the study reveals that asymmetric carbon pricing can lead to more than 60% global emissions reduction in certain models, but can also drive trade distortions, where U.S. exemptions result in emissions rising by more than 10% compared to reference scenarios. Qualitatively, significant fuel substitution patterns across Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. demonstrate increased coal consumption when carbon prices are unevenly applied. While no global emission increase was observed, asymmetric policies result in inefficiencies between local policy costs and emissions reduction outcomes, such as rising fossil fuel trade in non-abating regions. The findings suggest that harmonising carbon policies across regions would reduce inefficiencies and minimise carbon leakage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100180
Jiawei Quan , Yumei Wang , Yu Wang , Chunxing Li , Zengwei Yuan
The increasing generation of food waste (FW) poses a significant challenge to global food security and environmental sustainability. Composting is an effective way to recycle FW, while the disease risk of immature compost and the long durations needed for mature compost restrict the application. To address these concerns, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) were applied in the maturation phase to improve composting efficiency. The results demonstrated that adding BSFL expedited the composting process, achieving the fully mature compost within 25 days. This was evidenced by the elevated nitrate content (1057.52–1475.58 mg/kg) and germination index (GI) (100.2%–107.03%), along with a decreased nitrification index (0.19–0.24) of the BSFL-treated composts. Microbial analysis revealed a discernible elevation in the relative abundance of Ureibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Paneibacills, and Brevibacillus within the compost attributed to the addition of BSFL. Furthermore, BSFL introduction might enhance metabolic functions such as glycolysis, inosine monophosphate biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, and lysine biosynthesis. As composting progressed, the relative abundance of certain bacteria, like Moheibacter and Actinomadura (initially more prevalent in the compost pile), gradually increased in the gut of BSFL. These findings suggest the existence of complex microbial interactions between the BSFL gut and compost, reshaping the mutual bacterial community and exerting some influence on the compost’s metabolic functions. Furthermore, redundancy analysis indicated significant associations between compost’s physiochemical properties (i.e., electrical conductivity, moisture content, GI, pH, and NH-N) and microbial community across all experimental groups. The discoveries provide valuable insights for the further evolution and functional research of BSFL gut microbiota.
{"title":"An efficient strategy to promote food waste composting by adding black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae during the compost maturation phase","authors":"Jiawei Quan , Yumei Wang , Yu Wang , Chunxing Li , Zengwei Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing generation of food waste (FW) poses a significant challenge to global food security and environmental sustainability. Composting is an effective way to recycle FW, while the disease risk of immature compost and the long durations needed for mature compost restrict the application. To address these concerns, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) were applied in the maturation phase to improve composting efficiency. The results demonstrated that adding BSFL expedited the composting process, achieving the fully mature compost within 25 days. This was evidenced by the elevated nitrate content (1057.52–1475.58 mg/kg) and germination index (GI) (100.2%–107.03%), along with a decreased nitrification index (0.19–0.24) of the BSFL-treated composts. Microbial analysis revealed a discernible elevation in the relative abundance of <em>Ureibacillus</em>, <em>Lysinibacillus</em>, <em>Paneibacills</em>, and <em>Brevibacillus</em> within the compost attributed to the addition of BSFL. Furthermore, BSFL introduction might enhance metabolic functions such as glycolysis, inosine monophosphate biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, and lysine biosynthesis. As composting progressed, the relative abundance of certain bacteria, like <em>Moheibacter</em> and <em>Actinomadura</em> (initially more prevalent in the compost pile), gradually increased in the gut of BSFL. These findings suggest the existence of complex microbial interactions between the BSFL gut and compost, reshaping the mutual bacterial community and exerting some influence on the compost’s metabolic functions. Furthermore, redundancy analysis indicated significant associations between compost’s physiochemical properties (i.e., electrical conductivity, moisture content, GI, pH, and NH<span><math><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span>-N) and microbial community across all experimental groups. The discoveries provide valuable insights for the further evolution and functional research of BSFL gut microbiota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100178
Ran Xing , Yaojie Li , Zhihan Luo , Rui Xiong , Jiaqi Liu , Ke Jiang , Yatai Men , Huizhong Shen , Guofeng Shen , Shu Tao
The inefficient combustion of traditional biomass fuels in the Tibetan Plateau, the world’s highest region, impacts both local ecosystems and global climate change despite the substantial renewable energy potential and ongoing economic growth of the area. However, the utilization of clean household energy sources and the enablers supporting their sustained use in this region remain underexplored. Through the regional household survey and fuel-weighing campaign, we observed that clean modern energy sources, such as gas and electricity, were used for over 85% of the year in urban areas but only 25% in rural areas. Approximately 3.98 million residents still predominantly rely on traditional solid fuels for daily cooking and/or heating. A substantial energy inequality was identified, with Gini coefficients of 0.65 and 0.55 for cooking and heating, respectively. Despite the disparity in clean energy adoption across income groups being relatively small, the regional utilization of clean energy is severely constrained by limited accessibility and affordability. This has minimized the impact of household characteristics, such as gender, age, and education level, and diminished the effect of rising incomes on accelerating clean cooking practices. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted residential energy interventions and incentives to promote a clean energy transition in the Tibetan Plateau, as achieving universal clean energy access by 2030 is unlikely without significant efforts.
{"title":"Household energy use and barriers in clean transition in the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Ran Xing , Yaojie Li , Zhihan Luo , Rui Xiong , Jiaqi Liu , Ke Jiang , Yatai Men , Huizhong Shen , Guofeng Shen , Shu Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inefficient combustion of traditional biomass fuels in the Tibetan Plateau, the world’s highest region, impacts both local ecosystems and global climate change despite the substantial renewable energy potential and ongoing economic growth of the area. However, the utilization of clean household energy sources and the enablers supporting their sustained use in this region remain underexplored. Through the regional household survey and fuel-weighing campaign, we observed that clean modern energy sources, such as gas and electricity, were used for over 85% of the year in urban areas but only 25% in rural areas. Approximately 3.98 million residents still predominantly rely on traditional solid fuels for daily cooking and/or heating. A substantial energy inequality was identified, with Gini coefficients of 0.65 and 0.55 for cooking and heating, respectively. Despite the disparity in clean energy adoption across income groups being relatively small, the regional utilization of clean energy is severely constrained by limited accessibility and affordability. This has minimized the impact of household characteristics, such as gender, age, and education level, and diminished the effect of rising incomes on accelerating clean cooking practices. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted residential energy interventions and incentives to promote a clean energy transition in the Tibetan Plateau, as achieving universal clean energy access by 2030 is unlikely without significant efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100177
Songliang Chen , Qinglin Mao , Youcan Feng , Hongyan Li , Donghe Ma , Yilian Zhao , Junhui Liu , Hui Cheng
Accurate hydrological predictions are often hindered by the lack of stream gauges in data-scarce regions, where traditional transfer learning (TL) models like Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks often face limitations due to reduced accuracy and adaptability. To enhance runoff prediction in such regions, we developed DAformer, a novel TL approach that integrates domain adversarial neural networks with the Informer model. Trained on comprehensive runoff data from U.S. basins, DAformer was applied to three basins in Chile and the Chaersen basin in China, demonstrating an effective transfer from data-rich to data-scarce environments. Results show that DAformer significantly outperforms LSTM-based models, improving forecast accuracy by 16.1% for 1-day lead time and by 100.5% for 5-day lead time. These improvements indicate that the DAformer model not only enhances prediction accuracy but also holds substantial practical implications for flood risk management and water resource planning in regions with limited data availability. By clustering basins based on Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and other geographical data, we found that relying on multiple source basins further enhances the performance. DAformer, therefore, serves as a robust and scalable method for enhancing runoff prediction for regions with limited data.
{"title":"Enhancing the performance of runoff prediction in data-scarce hydrological domains using advanced transfer learning","authors":"Songliang Chen , Qinglin Mao , Youcan Feng , Hongyan Li , Donghe Ma , Yilian Zhao , Junhui Liu , Hui Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate hydrological predictions are often hindered by the lack of stream gauges in data-scarce regions, where traditional transfer learning (TL) models like Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks often face limitations due to reduced accuracy and adaptability. To enhance runoff prediction in such regions, we developed DAformer, a novel TL approach that integrates domain adversarial neural networks with the Informer model. Trained on comprehensive runoff data from U.S. basins, DAformer was applied to three basins in Chile and the Chaersen basin in China, demonstrating an effective transfer from data-rich to data-scarce environments. Results show that DAformer significantly outperforms LSTM-based models, improving forecast accuracy by 16.1% for 1-day lead time and by 100.5% for 5-day lead time. These improvements indicate that the DAformer model not only enhances prediction accuracy but also holds substantial practical implications for flood risk management and water resource planning in regions with limited data availability. By clustering basins based on Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and other geographical data, we found that relying on multiple source basins further enhances the performance. DAformer, therefore, serves as a robust and scalable method for enhancing runoff prediction for regions with limited data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100176
Zhou Fang , Shi Xue , Qin Zhou , Changgao Cheng , Yang Bai , Zhongde Huang , Jie Wang , Ruibo Wang , Yixin Wang , Rong Wu , Jing Rong , Jun Hong , Tonghui Ding
Rapid urbanization intensifies the challenges of achieving satisfaction and equity in ecosystem services (ESs). Beginning with a theoretical overview, we identify five pivotal challenges in managing urban ESs, forming the basis for our integrative analysis. Employing a multi-level analytical perspective, our research quantifies ESs satisfaction through supply–demand ratios and evaluates ESs equity via supply–demand Gini coefficient. Simultaneously explored the driving force relationship between these two dimensions. This study uses Guangdong Province, a typical urbanized area in China, as a case study to assess the supply and demand relationships of four regulating ESs: water retention, soil retention, carbon storage, and water purification. Our results highlight the disparity in ESs management effectiveness across different scales while the overall assessments might suggest adequate or equitable ESs, localized assessments within cities and regions often uncover specific ESs issues. A pivotal aspect is that single-factor critical to ESs satisfaction or equity dimension may have limited or opposing importance in another, but interactive effects of multiple factors can effectively mitigate these divergent impacts through non-linear synergies. These insights not only reveal the multiplex impacts of natural–social–economic drivers on urban expansion but also guide the targeted development in different management scale, multi-dimensional management strategies to address these disparities. This approach enriches the discourse on sustainable urban development and provides a robust framework for addressing the nuanced challenges of urban ESs management.
{"title":"Unveiling driving disparities between satisfaction and equity of ecosystem services in urbanized areas","authors":"Zhou Fang , Shi Xue , Qin Zhou , Changgao Cheng , Yang Bai , Zhongde Huang , Jie Wang , Ruibo Wang , Yixin Wang , Rong Wu , Jing Rong , Jun Hong , Tonghui Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization intensifies the challenges of achieving satisfaction and equity in ecosystem services (ESs). Beginning with a theoretical overview, we identify five pivotal challenges in managing urban ESs, forming the basis for our integrative analysis. Employing a multi-level analytical perspective, our research quantifies ESs satisfaction through supply–demand ratios and evaluates ESs equity via supply–demand Gini coefficient. Simultaneously explored the driving force relationship between these two dimensions. This study uses Guangdong Province, a typical urbanized area in China, as a case study to assess the supply and demand relationships of four regulating ESs: water retention, soil retention, carbon storage, and water purification. Our results highlight the disparity in ESs management effectiveness across different scales while the overall assessments might suggest adequate or equitable ESs, localized assessments within cities and regions often uncover specific ESs issues. A pivotal aspect is that single-factor critical to ESs satisfaction or equity dimension may have limited or opposing importance in another, but interactive effects of multiple factors can effectively mitigate these divergent impacts through non-linear synergies. These insights not only reveal the multiplex impacts of natural–social–economic drivers on urban expansion but also guide the targeted development in different management scale, multi-dimensional management strategies to address these disparities. This approach enriches the discourse on sustainable urban development and provides a robust framework for addressing the nuanced challenges of urban ESs management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100175
Xinyi Zhang , Liquan Huang , Xiaobo Zhang
Pathogenic viruses, especially RNA viruses causing several billions of infections of humans every year in the world, have great threats to human health. The epidemiological survey of pathogenic viruses has been well characterized on the land. However, the origins of the pathogenic viruses are largely unclear. To address this concern, the human pathogenic RNA viruses in the deep sea, the distinctive ecosystem on the earth, was characterized in this study. The mega-scale viromes of the RNA viruses from 157 sediments of the global deep sea identified 153,471 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), representing the largest RNA virus dataset. Only 1.45% of vOTUs were homologous with the known viruses. Of note, 13 human pathogenic viruses belonging to 5 viral families were distributed in the deep sea. Hydrothermal vent was the deep-sea ecosystem rich in potential pathogenic viruses. The sediments containing these RNA viruses were 1,900–24,000 years old, representing that the RNA viruses might be the ancestors of human viruses or the emerging pathogenic viruses in the future. There existed evolutionary relationships among deep-sea coronaviruses of dolphin, gull, bat, and humans, suggesting the transmission of coronaviruses from the deep sea to humans via the intermediate marine animal hosts. Therefore, our findings reveal that the deep sea may be a reservoir of human pathogenic viruses for the first time, opening new areas to track the ecology and evolution of pathogenic viruses as the drivers of disease emergence.
Synopsis:
The mega-scale RNA viromes from the ancient deep-sea sediments indicated that the thousands-years-old RNA viruses shared evolutionary relationships to human pathogenic viruses, suggesting that the deep-sea environment was the drivers of viral disease emergence.
{"title":"Ancient deep-sea environmental virome provides insights into the evolution of human pathogenic RNA viruses","authors":"Xinyi Zhang , Liquan Huang , Xiaobo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pathogenic viruses, especially RNA viruses causing several billions of infections of humans every year in the world, have great threats to human health. The epidemiological survey of pathogenic viruses has been well characterized on the land. However, the origins of the pathogenic viruses are largely unclear. To address this concern, the human pathogenic RNA viruses in the deep sea, the distinctive ecosystem on the earth, was characterized in this study. The mega-scale viromes of the RNA viruses from 157 sediments of the global deep sea identified 153,471 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), representing the largest RNA virus dataset. Only 1.45% of vOTUs were homologous with the known viruses. Of note, 13 human pathogenic viruses belonging to 5 viral families were distributed in the deep sea. Hydrothermal vent was the deep-sea ecosystem rich in potential pathogenic viruses. The sediments containing these RNA viruses were 1,900–24,000 years old, representing that the RNA viruses might be the ancestors of human viruses or the emerging pathogenic viruses in the future. There existed evolutionary relationships among deep-sea coronaviruses of dolphin, gull, bat, and humans, suggesting the transmission of coronaviruses from the deep sea to humans via the intermediate marine animal hosts. Therefore, our findings reveal that the deep sea may be a reservoir of human pathogenic viruses for the first time, opening new areas to track the ecology and evolution of pathogenic viruses as the drivers of disease emergence.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis:</h3><div>The mega-scale RNA viromes from the ancient deep-sea sediments indicated that the thousands-years-old RNA viruses shared evolutionary relationships to human pathogenic viruses, suggesting that the deep-sea environment was the drivers of viral disease emergence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100174
Ashutosh Kumar Singh , Chunfeng Chen , Xiai Zhu , Bin Yang , Muhammad Numan Khan , Sissou Zakari , Xiao Jin Jiang , Maria del Mar Alguacil , Wenjie Liu
Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) is a potential byproduct of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and a major contributor to the passive soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. Despite its crucial role in SOC storage, we know little about the response of GRSP to anthropogenic global change factors (GCFs). Here, using 530 observations from 107 primary studies, we conducted a global meta-analysis to unravel the effects of multiple GCFs (climate change, plant invasion (PI), wildfire, urbanization, land-use change (LUC), and nutrient addition (nitrogen; N, phosphorus; P, and potassium; K) on two functional GRSP fractions (easily extractable- (EE-) and total- (T-) GRSPs) in terrestrial ecosystems. We found that elevated carbon-dioxide increased T-GRSP by 28%, combined NP addition by 39.9%, and NPK addition by 29.5%. Climate warming and alone N addition increased EE-GRSP solely by 2.4% and 13.6%, respectively, but did not influence T-GRSP. However, urbanization and drought decreased T-GRSP by 26% and 15%, respectively. The LUC from natural ecosystems to cropland decreased T-GRSP by 40%, while afforestation in croplands increased it by 32%. Other GCFs (PI, wildfire, and P) had non-significant effects on GRSP probably because of (i) minor changes in AMF activity and (ii) the counterbalancing of effects by opposite processes. GCF impacts were robust when applied at higher intensities for medium-to-long durations (3–10＋ years) in humid conditions and clay-rich soils. The sandy soils experienced greater T-GRSP losses during LUC. Increases in T-GRSP were positively correlated with AMF-root colonization, soil mean-weight diameter, and SOC content. Further, our structure equation model confirmed that GCFs directly influence SOC by altering AMF-GRSP production and indirectly affecting soil aggregate formation and protection, suggesting that optimizing GRSP production can enhance SOC sequestration.
{"title":"Unraveling the impact of global change on glomalin and implications for soil carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems","authors":"Ashutosh Kumar Singh , Chunfeng Chen , Xiai Zhu , Bin Yang , Muhammad Numan Khan , Sissou Zakari , Xiao Jin Jiang , Maria del Mar Alguacil , Wenjie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) is a potential byproduct of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and a major contributor to the passive soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. Despite its crucial role in SOC storage, we know little about the response of GRSP to anthropogenic global change factors (GCFs). Here, using 530 observations from 107 primary studies, we conducted a global meta-analysis to unravel the effects of multiple GCFs (climate change, plant invasion (PI), wildfire, urbanization, land-use change (LUC), and nutrient addition (nitrogen; N, phosphorus; P, and potassium; K) on two functional GRSP fractions (easily extractable- (EE-) and total- (T-) GRSPs) in terrestrial ecosystems. We found that elevated carbon-dioxide increased T-GRSP by 28%, combined NP addition by 39.9%, and NPK addition by 29.5%. Climate warming and alone N addition increased EE-GRSP solely by 2.4% and 13.6%, respectively, but did not influence T-GRSP. However, urbanization and drought decreased T-GRSP by 26% and 15%, respectively. The LUC from natural ecosystems to cropland decreased T-GRSP by 40%, while afforestation in croplands increased it by 32%. Other GCFs (PI, wildfire, and P) had non-significant effects on GRSP probably because of (i) minor changes in AMF activity and (ii) the counterbalancing of effects by opposite processes. GCF impacts were robust when applied at higher intensities for medium-to-long durations (3–10＋ years) in humid conditions and clay-rich soils. The sandy soils experienced greater T-GRSP losses during LUC. Increases in T-GRSP were positively correlated with AMF-root colonization, soil mean-weight diameter, and SOC content. Further, our structure equation model confirmed that GCFs directly influence SOC by altering AMF-GRSP production and indirectly affecting soil aggregate formation and protection, suggesting that optimizing GRSP production can enhance SOC sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100173
Zhengbo Ma , Rongyan Bu , Guopeng Zhou , Haoran Fu , Jinxin Sun , Ting Liang , Cheng Cai , Danna Chang , Qingxu Ma , Ji Wu , David R. Chadwick , Davey L. Jones , Weidong Cao
In southern China, co-incorporating winter green manure and rice straw has proven to be a practical and economically viable strategy that enhances soil carbon (C) sequestration and agricultural productivity in rice paddies. However, the issue of how to control the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in paddy fields owing to the incorporation of substantial organic matter remains a bottleneck. A 2-year field experiment was conducted, which included five treatments: conventional water management with no residue (CK) and with co-incorporation of green manure and rice straw (GM+Rs), delayed flooding by 5, 10, and 15 days after the co-incorporation of green manure and rice straw (GM+Rs-DW5, GM+Rs-DW10, and GM+Rs-DW15) before transplanting rice seedlings. The delayed flooding treatments reduced the 2-year average CH4 emissions by 40.9%–60.8% compared with GM+Rs. The delayed flooding inhibited the growth of methanogens and CH4 emissions, which was linked to a reduction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in surface water. The lowest C footprint (4.05 t CO2-eq ha−1) as well as the yield-scaled C footprint (0.6 kg CO2-eq kg−1) were observed in the GM+Rs-DW10 treatment, both even lower than those in CK (15.11 t CO2-eq ha and 2.1 kg CO2-eq kg−1). Moreover, the GM+Rs-DW10 treatment led to an increase in net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB) of 3750 and 2870 CNY ha−1 than CK and GM+Rs over a 2-year period. Collectively, delayed flooding with green manure and rice straw incorporation is conducive to achieving high NEEB and low risk of GHG emissions. This finding provides important and novel insights for eco-efficient rice production.
{"title":"Appropriately delayed flooding before rice transplanting increases net ecosystem economic benefit in the winter green manure-rice rotation system","authors":"Zhengbo Ma , Rongyan Bu , Guopeng Zhou , Haoran Fu , Jinxin Sun , Ting Liang , Cheng Cai , Danna Chang , Qingxu Ma , Ji Wu , David R. Chadwick , Davey L. Jones , Weidong Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In southern China, co-incorporating winter green manure and rice straw has proven to be a practical and economically viable strategy that enhances soil carbon (C) sequestration and agricultural productivity in rice paddies. However, the issue of how to control the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in paddy fields owing to the incorporation of substantial organic matter remains a bottleneck. A 2-year field experiment was conducted, which included five treatments: conventional water management with no residue (CK) and with co-incorporation of green manure and rice straw (GM+Rs), delayed flooding by 5, 10, and 15 days after the co-incorporation of green manure and rice straw (GM+Rs-DW5, GM+Rs-DW10, and GM+Rs-DW15) before transplanting rice seedlings. The delayed flooding treatments reduced the 2-year average CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by 40.9%–60.8% compared with GM+Rs. The delayed flooding inhibited the growth of methanogens and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, which was linked to a reduction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in surface water. The lowest C footprint (4.05 t CO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>−1</sup>) as well as the yield-scaled C footprint (0.6 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq kg<sup>−1</sup>) were observed in the GM+Rs-DW10 treatment, both even lower than those in CK (15.11 t CO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and 2.1 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq kg<sup>−1</sup>). Moreover, the GM+Rs-DW10 treatment led to an increase in net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB) of 3750 and 2870 CNY ha<sup>−1</sup> than CK and GM+Rs over a 2-year period. Collectively, delayed flooding with green manure and rice straw incorporation is conducive to achieving high NEEB and low risk of GHG emissions. This finding provides important and novel insights for eco-efficient rice production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100172
Zakirul Islam, Quoc Thinh Tran, Motoki Kubo
Clubroot is a disease in cruciferous plants caused by the soil-borne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. This pathogen rapidly spreads in soil, and plant growth is inhibited by infection with spores. To reduce clubroot disease, its prevalence in Brassica rapa var. perviridis was investigated in different soil environments (chemical and organic soils). The bacterial biomass, diversity, and community structure of the soils and roots were analyzed by environmental DNA, PCR-DGGE, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Bacterial biomass and diversity in the organic soil were higher than those in the chemical soil. The disease severity of plants cultivated in organic soil was lower than that in chemical soil. The number of endophytic bacteria in the roots decreased when the plants were infected with P. brassicae in both soil types. Higher bacterial biomass in the soils and roots appeared to reduce the infection of P. brassicae.
{"title":"Clubroot disease in soil: An examination of its occurrence in chemical and organic environments","authors":"Zakirul Islam, Quoc Thinh Tran, Motoki Kubo","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clubroot is a disease in cruciferous plants caused by the soil-borne pathogen <em>Plasmodiophora brassicae</em>. This pathogen rapidly spreads in soil, and plant growth is inhibited by infection with spores. To reduce clubroot disease, its prevalence in <em>Brassica rapa</em> var. perviridis was investigated in different soil environments (chemical and organic soils). The bacterial biomass, diversity, and community structure of the soils and roots were analyzed by environmental DNA, PCR-DGGE, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Bacterial biomass and diversity in the organic soil were higher than those in the chemical soil. The disease severity of plants cultivated in organic soil was lower than that in chemical soil. The number of endophytic bacteria in the roots decreased when the plants were infected with <em>P. brassicae</em> in both soil types. Higher bacterial biomass in the soils and roots appeared to reduce the infection of <em>P. brassicae</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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