Factores asociados a la disrupción de la educación presencial por la COVID-19: alumnado de Enseñanza Superior hacia la educación virtual

Abstract

This research was carried out during the suspension of face-to-face classes due to SARS-CoV-2. Objectives: to identify the factors associated with the problems faced by learners to continue their studies on-line, and to measure the student’s predisposition to this new way of learning. In the study, 51 students were surveyed, 2x2 tables were made to determine the risk (OR), and chi square (X2) and Fisher's exact tests were conducted. A Likert scale was used to assess students’ opinions and perspectives on their educational environment. In the multivariate analysis the factors associated with the problems to continue studying online were: not having devices for their classes; bad or very bad communication with their teachers; working online was considered from ordinary to very bad; not enough progress in the contents; having three or more family members studying; and the actions taken by the university in the face of the pandemic were held to be ordinary or very bad. The Fisher's exact test revealed that female students were faced with more problems to communicate with teachers and to continue with their studies. On the Likert scale, the lack of student-teacher communication was the worst evaluated aspect. Poor student-teacher communication, especially as perceived by female students, is not exclusive of this study and coincides with previous research in which lack of technological tools, connectivity and institutional care are also widely mentioned factors. The effect of the factors associated with the problems to continue studying can be summarized as follows: improving the communication and empathy of the teaching staff in view of the socio-economic context of their students In this work, 51 students (35 women and 16 men) were surveyed. Using SPSS v.25 statistical software, 2 X 2 tables were made to determine the risk (OR), the statistical significance of chi square (X2) with p values <.05 (Fisher's exact test). In the results, it was found that one in five students has difficulties with connectivity to the internet network and 21.5% (11/51) reported having problems to continue their studies due to the deficiency of their own computer equipment; effective communication with their teachers; the new form of virtual work; progress in the contents of the learning units; have more than 3 family members studying and, the actions of the university against COVID-19. In the second part of the study, the Likert-type scale was used to assess five clusters: 1) student-teacher communication, 2) satisfaction with the final result, 3) the attention received from teachers, 4) the grade obtained with the development of their academic activities and 5) the way of evaluating learning. Esta investigación se realizó durante la suspensión de clases presenciales, debido al alto contagio del SARS-CoV-2. Objeti-vos: identificar los factores asociados con los problemas para seguir sus estudios de forma virtual, y medir la predisposición estudiantil ante la nueva forma de apren-der. En el estudio, se encuestaron a 51 estudiantes, se realizaron tablas 2x2 para determinar el riesgo (OR), chi cuadrado (X2), la prueba exacta de Fisher, además, la escala tipo Likert para valorar sus opi-niones y perspectivas sobre su entorno educativo. En el análisis multivariado los factores asociados con los problemas para seguir estudiando de forma virtual fueron: no tener dispositivos para sus clases, co-municación mala o muy mala con sus pro-fesores, forma de trabajo virtual de regular a muy mala, avance no suficiente en los contenidos, tener tres o más familiares es-tudiando, y las acciones de la universidad ante la pandemia fueron regulares o muy malas. Con la prueba exacta de Fisher se observó que el sexo femenino tiene más desventajas para comunicarse con el pro-fesorado y para continuar sus estudios. En la escala Likert, la falta de comunicación estudiante-docente fue el aspecto peor evaluado. La comunicación deficiente estudiante-docente, en especial del sexo femenino, no es exclusivo y coincide con otros reportes caracterizados por falta de herramientas tecnológicas, conectividad y de atención institucional. El efecto de los factores asociados con los problemas para seguir estudiando, puede reducirse a mejorar la comunicación y la empatía del profesorado ante el contexto socio-econó-mico del alumnado.