Investigating the impact of age on auditory short-term, long-term, and working memory

IF 1.6 3区心理学 0 MUSIC Psychology of Music Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI:10.1177/03057356231183404

Gemma Fernández-Rubio, Emma Risgaard Olsen, M. Klarlund, O. Mallon, F. Carlomagno, P. Vuust, M. Kringelbach, E. Brattico, L. Bonetti

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Abstract

Cognitive aging is characterized by the gradual decline of a number of abilities, such as attention, executive functioning, and memory. Research on memory aging has reported age-related deficits in short-term (STM), long-term (LTM), and working memory (WM) and linked these to structural and functional changes in the brain that occur with aging. However, only a few studies have drawn direct comparisons between these memory subsystems in the auditory domain. In this study, we assessed auditory STM, LTM, and WM abilities of young (under 25 years of age) and older (over 60 years of age) adults using musical and numerical tasks. In addition, we measured musical training history and tested its modulating effects on auditory memory performance. Overall, we found that older adults underperformed in specific memory tasks, such as STM related to discrimination of rhythmic sequences, LTM associated with identification of novel musical sequences, and numerical WM. Furthermore, we observed a positive influence of musical training on certain memory tasks involving music. In conclusion, aging differentially affects several types of auditory memory, and in the case of specific musical memory tasks, a higher level of musical training provides significant advantages.

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研究年龄对听觉短期、长期和工作记忆的影响

认知老化的特点是一些能力的逐渐下降，如注意力、执行功能和记忆力。关于记忆老化的研究已经报告了与年龄相关的短期(STM)、长期(LTM)和工作记忆(WM)缺陷，并将这些缺陷与随着年龄增长而发生的大脑结构和功能变化联系起来。然而，只有少数研究直接比较了这些记忆子系统在听觉领域。在这项研究中，我们通过音乐和数字任务评估了年轻人(25岁以下)和老年人(60岁以上)的听觉STM、LTM和WM能力。此外，我们测量了音乐训练历史，并测试了其对听觉记忆表现的调节作用。总的来说，我们发现老年人在特定的记忆任务中表现不佳，例如与节奏序列辨别相关的STM，与识别新音乐序列相关的LTM，以及数字WM。此外，我们观察到音乐训练对某些涉及音乐的记忆任务有积极的影响。综上所述，年龄对几种类型的听觉记忆有不同的影响，在特定的音乐记忆任务中，更高水平的音乐训练提供了显著的优势。

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来源期刊

Psychology of Music Multiple-

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

17.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： Psychology of Music and SEMPRE provide an international forum for researchers working in the fields of psychology of music and music education, to encourage the exchange of ideas and to disseminate research findings. Psychology of Music publishes peer-reviewed papers directed at increasing the scientific understanding of any psychological aspect of music. These include studies on listening, performing, creating, memorising, analysing, describing, learning, and teaching, as well as applied social, developmental, attitudinal and therapeutic studies. Special emphasis is placed on studies carried out in naturalistic settings, especially those which address the interface between music psychology and music education.