THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH SERVICES DEMAND IN INDONESIA: AN ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA FAMILY LIFE SURVEY 5 (IFLS)

Abstract

Many countries are trying to achieve Universal Health Coverage. Indonesia wanted to do this by implementing National Health Insurance in 2014. The purpose of this study is to explore the demand for health services based on visits to service providers, for both outpatient and inpatient care. This study used secondary data from wave five of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS). The sample used in this study comprised 34,177 individuals who were aged >15 years old. In this study, the demand for health services was measured based on whether respondents had visited a healthcare facility and their number of visits to healthcare facilities. Data was analysed using bivariate analysis with chi-square and multivariate analysis using the negative binomial regression model and probit model. The proportion of respondents visiting healthcare facilities for outpatient care was 16%, while for inpatient visits it was 5%. Both models produced almost the same effect in indicating the probability of individuals visiting a healthcare facility and their number of visits. Age, gender, marital status, education level, economic level, having health insurance, region, health status, chronic disease, and the number of diseases were statistically significant (P < 0.001) in influencing outpatient service demand. Age, gender, marital status, education level, economic level, having health insurance, regional status, health status, and the number of diseases were statistically significant (P < 0.001) in influencing inpatient service demand. Individual characteristics, demographics, and health status were independent factors associated with demand for healthcare services. The government should consider these factors in expanding health service demand in Indonesia.