Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.22452/jummec.sp2021no1.5
Pakawat Wiwattanaworaset, J. Pitanupong
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the magnitude of mental health outcomes and its associated factors among hospital staff during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a Thai university hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among hospital staff in a Thai university hospital. Data were collected in May 2020 using online questionnaires, comprising of questions pertaining to demographic, self- perceptions of COVID-19 exposure and prevention, and numeric rating scales for fear of and worry about COVID-19. We also included 3 additional measures, which were Stress Test-5, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Polytomous logistic regression and logistic regression were used to analyse the associated factors. Results: Of the 1592 participants, 1242 (78.0%) were medical staff and 350 (22.0%) were non-medical staff. Most participants (54.1%) perceived that they had a moderate possibility of exposure to COVID-19. However, 57.5% of them perceived themselves as having a high ability to prevent contracting COVID-19. A total of 46.7% and 73.9% showed moderate fear and worry, respectively. Nonetheless, 86.0% and 77.7% of the participants reported mild stress and anxiety, correspondingly. Furthermore, most participants (86.6%) did not have or had minimal depression. Being female, having physical illnesses, and moderate to high self-perception of COVID-19 exposure were determined as risk factors for severe mental health outcomes. Conversely, higher income was a protective factor of severe mental health outcomes. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental wellbeing of hospital staff should be of concern. Therefore, evaluating mental health outcomes would be one of all evidence to promote mental wellbeing.
{"title":"MENTAL HEALTH AMONG HOSPITAL STAFF DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN A THAI UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL","authors":"Pakawat Wiwattanaworaset, J. Pitanupong","doi":"10.22452/jummec.sp2021no1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jummec.sp2021no1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the magnitude of mental health outcomes and its associated factors among hospital staff during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a Thai university hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among hospital staff in a Thai university hospital. Data were collected in May 2020 using online questionnaires, comprising of questions pertaining to demographic, self- perceptions of COVID-19 exposure and prevention, and numeric rating scales for fear of and worry about COVID-19. We also included 3 additional measures, which were Stress Test-5, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Polytomous logistic regression and logistic regression were used to analyse the associated factors. Results: Of the 1592 participants, 1242 (78.0%) were medical staff and 350 (22.0%) were non-medical staff. Most participants (54.1%) perceived that they had a moderate possibility of exposure to COVID-19. However, 57.5% of them perceived themselves as having a high ability to prevent contracting COVID-19. A total of 46.7% and 73.9% showed moderate fear and worry, respectively. Nonetheless, 86.0% and 77.7% of the participants reported mild stress and anxiety, correspondingly. Furthermore, most participants (86.6%) did not have or had minimal depression. Being female, having physical illnesses, and moderate to high self-perception of COVID-19 exposure were determined as risk factors for severe mental health outcomes. Conversely, higher income was a protective factor of severe mental health outcomes. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental wellbeing of hospital staff should be of concern. Therefore, evaluating mental health outcomes would be one of all evidence to promote mental wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":39135,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the University of Malaya Medical Centre","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47766315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.22452/JUMMEC.SP2021NO1.1
Ali I Ibraheem, H. Nasir, A. Abdulamir, Chasib Lateef Ali, K. K. Kabah, I. Hussein, Dhurgham F. Ftak, A. M. Rasheed
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent respiratory infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with serious complications, severe acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), cytokine storm, and coagulopathies. Complete blood count (CBC) is a routine inexpensive and easy test that provides information regarding formed blood content such as white blood cells (WBC), platelet, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) to detect degree of inflammation. This study attempts to assess, at an early phase of the disease, the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and predict high risk patients who will most probably develop ARDS and cytokine storm by analyzing blood cells count. This study is a single-center case series on COVID‐19 patients who were prospectively analyzed at Al-Furat General Hospital in Baghdad from March to August 2020. Up to 123 Covid-19 patients in two groups, 100 who survived versus 23 who did not survive were included. Patients with abnormal renal and hepatic tests were excluded. Results revealed that the median age of patients was 40 years, ranging from 2-84 years of age. Males (61.8%) were more affected by COVID-19 than females (38.2%). Survived patients exhibited far lowered WBC count (6.06±3.17) than non-survived patients (11.4±6.08; p<0.0001). Lymphocyte count in survived patients (1.6±1.1) were higher than non-survived patients (1.1±0.4; p<0.004). Neutrophils showed lower count (3.7±2.7) in survived patients than non-survived patients (8.9±4.5). Also, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis for NLR, LMR and PLR revealed a cut off value for abnormally high or low NLR >5, LMR ≤1.8, and PLR >176 with area under curve (AUC) 0.9, 0.8, and 0.6, respectively. These cut off values represent landmarks above or below which poor prognosis and non-survival is highly predicted. NLR was found to be the most prognostic index to detect bad prognosis and non-survival of the disease at 90% sensitivity, followed by LMR and then PLR. The percentage of non-survived patients who had abnormally high NLR (82.6%), LMR (65.2%) and PLR (56.5%) were far higher than survived patients (NLR: 9%; LMR: 8%; PLR: 22%).
{"title":"EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH RISK COVID-19 PATIENTS USING HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES","authors":"Ali I Ibraheem, H. Nasir, A. Abdulamir, Chasib Lateef Ali, K. K. Kabah, I. Hussein, Dhurgham F. Ftak, A. M. Rasheed","doi":"10.22452/JUMMEC.SP2021NO1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/JUMMEC.SP2021NO1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent respiratory infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with serious complications, severe acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), cytokine storm, and coagulopathies. Complete blood count (CBC) is a routine inexpensive and easy test that provides information regarding formed blood content such as white blood cells (WBC), platelet, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) to detect degree of inflammation. This study attempts to assess, at an early phase of the disease, the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and predict high risk patients who will most probably develop ARDS and cytokine storm by analyzing blood cells count. This study is a single-center case series on COVID‐19 patients who were prospectively analyzed at Al-Furat General Hospital in Baghdad from March to August 2020. Up to 123 Covid-19 patients in two groups, 100 who survived versus 23 who did not survive were included. Patients with abnormal renal and hepatic tests were excluded. Results revealed that the median age of patients was 40 years, ranging from 2-84 years of age. Males (61.8%) were more affected by COVID-19 than females (38.2%). Survived patients exhibited far lowered WBC count (6.06±3.17) than non-survived patients (11.4±6.08; p<0.0001). Lymphocyte count in survived patients (1.6±1.1) were higher than non-survived patients (1.1±0.4; p<0.004). Neutrophils showed lower count (3.7±2.7) in survived patients than non-survived patients (8.9±4.5). Also, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis for NLR, LMR and PLR revealed a cut off value for abnormally high or low NLR >5, LMR ≤1.8, and PLR >176 with area under curve (AUC) 0.9, 0.8, and 0.6, respectively. These cut off values represent landmarks above or below which poor prognosis and non-survival is highly predicted. NLR was found to be the most prognostic index to detect bad prognosis and non-survival of the disease at 90% sensitivity, followed by LMR and then PLR. The percentage of non-survived patients who had abnormally high NLR (82.6%), LMR (65.2%) and PLR (56.5%) were far higher than survived patients (NLR: 9%; LMR: 8%; PLR: 22%).","PeriodicalId":39135,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the University of Malaya Medical Centre","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41812532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.22452/jummec.sp2021no1.2
Brenda Gynn Chow, Yap Chin Choo
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has threatened the livelihood of more than 140,000 individuals in Malaysia. The adoption of protective measures, such as social distancing, wearing face masks, and increasing hygiene levels, is crucial to contain the disease among the general public. This study answered two research questions: what psychological factors are associated with the adoption of protective measures; and, is there an age difference in the adoption of protective measures against COVID-19 in Malaysia. Methodology: 310 individuals between 18 and 65 years old (M=31), who were staying in Malaysia during the 2020 Movement Control Order, were recruited to answer an online survey assessing perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, perceived self-efficacy in adopting protective measures and perceived anxiety and number of protective measures adopted against COVID-19. One-way ANOVA and standard multiple regression were conducted to analyse the data. Results: Perceived self-efficacy in adopting protective measures and perceived anxiety were significant predictors of adoption of protective measures, while perceived severity and perceived vulnerability were not. The older adult group (≥37 years) was found to adopt significantly more protective measures compared to younger adult groups. Conclusion: Perceived self-efficacy in adopting protective measures and perceived anxiety were significant predictors of adoption of protective measures, while adult’s ≥37 years adopted significantly more protective measures compared to younger adults in Malaysia during COVID-19. The relevant authorities can utilize the results of this study to create more relevant interventions and target them towards the younger population, in order to promote the adoption of protective behaviors against COVID-19 in Malaysia.
{"title":"AGE DIFFERENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ADOPTION RATE OF PROTECTIVE MEASURES AGAINST COVID-19 IN MALAYSIA","authors":"Brenda Gynn Chow, Yap Chin Choo","doi":"10.22452/jummec.sp2021no1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jummec.sp2021no1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has threatened the livelihood of more than 140,000 individuals in Malaysia. The adoption of protective measures, such as social distancing, wearing face masks, and increasing hygiene levels, is crucial to contain the disease among the general public. This study answered two research questions: what psychological factors are associated with the adoption of protective measures; and, is there an age difference in the adoption of protective measures against COVID-19 in Malaysia. Methodology: 310 individuals between 18 and 65 years old (M=31), who were staying in Malaysia during the 2020 Movement Control Order, were recruited to answer an online survey assessing perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, perceived self-efficacy in adopting protective measures and perceived anxiety and number of protective measures adopted against COVID-19. One-way ANOVA and standard multiple regression were conducted to analyse the data. Results: Perceived self-efficacy in adopting protective measures and perceived anxiety were significant predictors of adoption of protective measures, while perceived severity and perceived vulnerability were not. The older adult group (≥37 years) was found to adopt significantly more protective measures compared to younger adult groups. Conclusion: Perceived self-efficacy in adopting protective measures and perceived anxiety were significant predictors of adoption of protective measures, while adult’s ≥37 years adopted significantly more protective measures compared to younger adults in Malaysia during COVID-19. The relevant authorities can utilize the results of this study to create more relevant interventions and target them towards the younger population, in order to promote the adoption of protective behaviors against COVID-19 in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":39135,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the University of Malaya Medical Centre","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47347806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.22452/JUMMEC.SP2021NO1.3
J. H. Tan, M.A.M. Yusri, Moong Yan Leong, Y. Lau
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, the disease has spread globally and caused 4 million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 spreads rapidly, leading to significant impacts on healthcare systems, social disruption and economic loss. To date, real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction remains the gold standard for diagnosis. However, it is costly and time consuming which result in delayed treatment and isolation of infected individuals. Hence, reliable and rapid diagnostic method is required for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. There have been a number of COVID-19 rapid diagnostic tests developed and evaluated widely for COVID-19 diagnosis, but a number of concerns related to these products have arisen. In this review, we provide an update on the available COVID-19 rapid diagnostic tests and discuss the feasibility and acceptability of these rapid tests for COVID-19 diagnosis. Continuous global improvement in diagnostic test is crucial for rapid detection of the infection to optimize patient management and prevent the spread of disease.
{"title":"UPDATE ON RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TESTING FOR COVID-19","authors":"J. H. Tan, M.A.M. Yusri, Moong Yan Leong, Y. Lau","doi":"10.22452/JUMMEC.SP2021NO1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/JUMMEC.SP2021NO1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, the disease has spread globally and caused 4 million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 spreads rapidly, leading to significant impacts on healthcare systems, social disruption and economic loss. To date, real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction remains the gold standard for diagnosis. However, it is costly and time consuming which result in delayed treatment and isolation of infected individuals. Hence, reliable and rapid diagnostic method is required for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. There have been a number of COVID-19 rapid diagnostic tests developed and evaluated widely for COVID-19 diagnosis, but a number of concerns related to these products have arisen. In this review, we provide an update on the available COVID-19 rapid diagnostic tests and discuss the feasibility and acceptability of these rapid tests for COVID-19 diagnosis. Continuous global improvement in diagnostic test is crucial for rapid detection of the infection to optimize patient management and prevent the spread of disease.","PeriodicalId":39135,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the University of Malaya Medical Centre","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47867611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.22452/jummec.sp2021no1.4
Amirah binti Azzeri, Nur Farhan Abdul Hakim, H. Jaafar, M. Dahlui, S. Othman, Tunku Kamarul Zaman Tunku Zainol Abidin Tunku Zainol Abidin
The rising healthcare demand during COVID-19 outbreak may endanger patients and forces hospital to plan for future needs. Predictive analyses were conducted to monitor hospital resources at one of the gazetted COVID-19 hospitals in Malaysia. Simultaneously, a real-time observation on patient’s volume was conducted to understand the actual trend of healthcare resource utilisations. All the projections were directly compared to the actual number of patients in-care. This predictive study was done at University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) using various sources of data. The projections revealed a steady increase in the number of cumulative cases until April 2020 followed by an exponential increase in the number of cumulative positive cases in Malaysia. When a comparison between the projection and actual data was done, it was found that the initial projections estimated a range that is 50% to 70% higher during the first three phases of Movement Control Order (MCO) compared to the actual number of COVID-19 patients at UMMC. Subsequent projections were done by using recent estimations from the national database and it was estimated that the number of patients treated will be less than 10 each day up until the end of May 2020. The accuracy of this estimation is 95% when compared to the actual number of COVID-19 patients in care. In conclusion, the practice of continuous projections and real-time observation through predictive analysis using mathematical calculations and algorithms is one of the useful tools to facilitate hospital management to allocate adequate resource allocations.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON HEALTHCARE UTILISATION: HOW DOES THE PROJECTED PATIENT WORKLOAD COMPARED TO THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF PATIENTS IN CARE?","authors":"Amirah binti Azzeri, Nur Farhan Abdul Hakim, H. Jaafar, M. Dahlui, S. Othman, Tunku Kamarul Zaman Tunku Zainol Abidin Tunku Zainol Abidin","doi":"10.22452/jummec.sp2021no1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/jummec.sp2021no1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The rising healthcare demand during COVID-19 outbreak may endanger patients and forces hospital to plan for future needs. Predictive analyses were conducted to monitor hospital resources at one of the gazetted COVID-19 hospitals in Malaysia. Simultaneously, a real-time observation on patient’s volume was conducted to understand the actual trend of healthcare resource utilisations. All the projections were directly compared to the actual number of patients in-care. This predictive study was done at University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) using various sources of data. The projections revealed a steady increase in the number of cumulative cases until April 2020 followed by an exponential increase in the number of cumulative positive cases in Malaysia. When a comparison between the projection and actual data was done, it was found that the initial projections estimated a range that is 50% to 70% higher during the first three phases of Movement Control Order (MCO) compared to the actual number of COVID-19 patients at UMMC. Subsequent projections were done by using recent estimations from the national database and it was estimated that the number of patients treated will be less than 10 each day up until the end of May 2020. The accuracy of this estimation is 95% when compared to the actual number of COVID-19 patients in care. In conclusion, the practice of continuous projections and real-time observation through predictive analysis using mathematical calculations and algorithms is one of the useful tools to facilitate hospital management to allocate adequate resource allocations.","PeriodicalId":39135,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the University of Malaya Medical Centre","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43488820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-24DOI: 10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.15
E. Z. Samsudin, M. Isahak, S. Rampal
Background: The Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ-R) is a widely used measure of workplace bullying. However, studies examining its psychometric properties for use among Malaysian junior doctors have not been published. The study aims to determine its validity and reliability in assessing bullying among a Malaysian sample. Methods: The NAQ-R was administered to 1,119 junior doctors working in twelve government hospitals accredited for housemanship training within the central zone of Malaysia. A subset of participants (n=50) completed the NAQ-R twice at an interval of two weeks. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity, using polychoric factor analysis with varimax rotation. To determine reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was computed to assess internal consistency reliability, while intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to examine test retest reliability. Results: Analysis yielded a one-factor structure of the NAQ-R, consistent with the interpretation of factors provided by the original instrument. The factor was labelled “workplace bullying” and accounted for 68.0% of the variance in the junior doctor group. Factor loadings ranged from 0.68 to 0.90. The Cronbach’s alpha for the NAQ-R items ranged from 0.96 to 0.97, and the Cronbach’s alpha for the overall scale was 0.97. Meanwhile, the ICC for the NAQ-R items ranged from 45.6% to 93.7%, and the ICC for NAQ-R total score was 93.4%. These indices denote high internal consistency reliability and excellent test-retest reliability respectively. Conclusion: The NAQ-R has adequate psychometric properties and can be used to measure workplace bullying among Malaysian junior doctors.
{"title":"MEASURING EXPOSURE TO WORKPLACE BULLYING AMONG MALAYSIAN JUNIOR DOCTORS: PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE NEGATIVE ACTS QUESTIONNAIRE-REVISED","authors":"E. Z. Samsudin, M. Isahak, S. Rampal","doi":"10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ-R) is a widely used measure of workplace bullying. However, studies examining its psychometric properties for use among Malaysian junior doctors have not been published. The study aims to determine its validity and reliability in assessing bullying among a Malaysian sample. Methods: The NAQ-R was administered to 1,119 junior doctors working in twelve government hospitals accredited for housemanship training within the central zone of Malaysia. A subset of participants (n=50) completed the NAQ-R twice at an interval of two weeks. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity, using polychoric factor analysis with varimax rotation. To determine reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was computed to assess internal consistency reliability, while intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to examine test retest reliability. Results: Analysis yielded a one-factor structure of the NAQ-R, consistent with the interpretation of factors provided by the original instrument. The factor was labelled “workplace bullying” and accounted for 68.0% of the variance in the junior doctor group. Factor loadings ranged from 0.68 to 0.90. The Cronbach’s alpha for the NAQ-R items ranged from 0.96 to 0.97, and the Cronbach’s alpha for the overall scale was 0.97. Meanwhile, the ICC for the NAQ-R items ranged from 45.6% to 93.7%, and the ICC for NAQ-R total score was 93.4%. These indices denote high internal consistency reliability and excellent test-retest reliability respectively. Conclusion: The NAQ-R has adequate psychometric properties and can be used to measure workplace bullying among Malaysian junior doctors.","PeriodicalId":39135,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the University of Malaya Medical Centre","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42887606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-24DOI: 10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.14
Siti Nur Izni Sheik Muhamed Amin, K. Shen, A. Ismail
A ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a catastrophic cardiovascular emergency which carries high risk of morbidity and mortality. Clinical manifestation includes severe abdominal pain, back or flank pain, syncope, hypotension, gastrointestinal bleeding and cardiovascular collapse. Misdiagnosis is often due to atypical presentation and results in fatal consequences. Rapid diagnosis of ruptured AAA is essential because it influences the patient’s prognosis. Timely and accurate diagnosis can be made in the Emergency Department using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) which has high sensitivity and specificity. We report a case of an elderly male who came with non-specific abdominal pain to the Emergency Department. Timely diagnosis of ruptured AAA was made with POCUS. The diagnosis was made by a non-radiologist using POCUS, however, the decision for ruptured AAA repair was only made by surgical team following computed tomography scan of the abdomen.
{"title":"RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF RUPTURED ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM USING POINT-OF-CARE ULTRASOUND IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: A CASE REPORT","authors":"Siti Nur Izni Sheik Muhamed Amin, K. Shen, A. Ismail","doi":"10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.14","url":null,"abstract":"A ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a catastrophic cardiovascular emergency which carries high risk of morbidity and mortality. Clinical manifestation includes severe abdominal pain, back or flank pain, syncope, hypotension, gastrointestinal bleeding and cardiovascular collapse. Misdiagnosis is often due to atypical presentation and results in fatal consequences. Rapid diagnosis of ruptured AAA is essential because it influences the patient’s prognosis. Timely and accurate diagnosis can be made in the Emergency Department using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) which has high sensitivity and specificity. We report a case of an elderly male who came with non-specific abdominal pain to the Emergency Department. Timely diagnosis of ruptured AAA was made with POCUS. The diagnosis was made by a non-radiologist using POCUS, however, the decision for ruptured AAA repair was only made by surgical team following computed tomography scan of the abdomen.","PeriodicalId":39135,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the University of Malaya Medical Centre","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44807898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-24DOI: 10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.13
V. Chin, W. Chong, H. Haniza, R. Basir
Background: Inflammation is a crucial process driving pathogenesis in malaria infection. The devastating effects of malaria infection has always been associated with severe inflammation whilst protective effect is linked to provocation of anti-inflammation responses. IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 are well-established anti-inflammatory cytokines with their functional roles during malaria infection remain elusive. Therefore, this study was undertaken to study the effects of modulating IL-10, IL-4 and IL-13 on the course of malaria infection in Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA)-infected murine model. Methods: Male ICR mice were randomly assigned into 5 different groupings and were infected intraperitoneal with 0.2 mL of 2 x 107 pRBCs containing P. berghei ANKA (PbA). Malaria-infected mice were treated with recombinant mouse IL-4 (rmIL-4), recombinant mouse IL-10 (rmIL-10) and recombinant mouse IL-13 (rmIL-13) for 4 consecutive days after the establishment of the infection. The survival and parasitemia levels of malarial mice and malarial mice under different treatments were monitored. Major affected organs (kidneys, lungs, brain, liver and spleen) were subjected to histopathological analysis at day-5 post infection. Results: Our findings revealed that the overall lifespan of malarial mice treated with recombinant mouse rmIL10, rmIL-4 and rmIL-13 were prolonged, accompanied with significant reduction in malaria parasitemia levels, in particular in malarial mice receiving recombinant rmIL-10 and rmIL-13. Histopathological conditions of kidneys, lungs, brain, liver and spleen treated with recombinant mouse rmIL-10, rmIL-4 and rmIL-13 were also improved. Sequestration of parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs) and inflammation seen in major affected organs were alleviated. Conclusion: Despite some limitations, this preliminary study demonstrated the promising therapeutic effects of IL-10 and IL-13 as adjuvant therapies in reducing severe pathological manifestations triggered by inflammation during malaria infection.
{"title":"MODULATING EFFECTS OF IL-4, IL-10 AND IL-13 ON THE COURSE OF PLASMODIUM BERGHEI MALARIA INFECTION IN MICE","authors":"V. Chin, W. Chong, H. Haniza, R. Basir","doi":"10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Inflammation is a crucial process driving pathogenesis in malaria infection. The devastating effects of malaria infection has always been associated with severe inflammation whilst protective effect is linked to provocation of anti-inflammation responses. IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 are well-established anti-inflammatory cytokines with their functional roles during malaria infection remain elusive. Therefore, this study was undertaken to study the effects of modulating IL-10, IL-4 and IL-13 on the course of malaria infection in Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA)-infected murine model. Methods: Male ICR mice were randomly assigned into 5 different groupings and were infected intraperitoneal with 0.2 mL of 2 x 107 pRBCs containing P. berghei ANKA (PbA). Malaria-infected mice were treated with recombinant mouse IL-4 (rmIL-4), recombinant mouse IL-10 (rmIL-10) and recombinant mouse IL-13 (rmIL-13) for 4 consecutive days after the establishment of the infection. The survival and parasitemia levels of malarial mice and malarial mice under different treatments were monitored. Major affected organs (kidneys, lungs, brain, liver and spleen) were subjected to histopathological analysis at day-5 post infection. Results: Our findings revealed that the overall lifespan of malarial mice treated with recombinant mouse rmIL10, rmIL-4 and rmIL-13 were prolonged, accompanied with significant reduction in malaria parasitemia levels, in particular in malarial mice receiving recombinant rmIL-10 and rmIL-13. Histopathological conditions of kidneys, lungs, brain, liver and spleen treated with recombinant mouse rmIL-10, rmIL-4 and rmIL-13 were also improved. Sequestration of parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs) and inflammation seen in major affected organs were alleviated. Conclusion: Despite some limitations, this preliminary study demonstrated the promising therapeutic effects of IL-10 and IL-13 as adjuvant therapies in reducing severe pathological manifestations triggered by inflammation during malaria infection.","PeriodicalId":39135,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the University of Malaya Medical Centre","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45669097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-24DOI: 10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.12
D. Tugasworo, Happy Kurnia Brotoarianto, Retnaningsih, Aditya Kurnianto, Y. Andhitara, Rahmi Ardhini, Josep Rio Rambe, J. Budiman
Background: Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare disease, difficult to detect, high defect rate, and can be lifethreatening. It is characterized by accumulation of pus in the epidural space causing suppression of the spinal cord and spinal roots. This study will describe a case of a 35-year-old man with SEA in Indonesia. Case presentation: A 35-year-old male with pain in the lumbar region 1, radicular pain according to thoracic dermatome 10, flaccid inferior paraplegia, hypoesthesia as high as thoracic dermatome 10, and retention of alviet uri due to SEA caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius confirmed by abscess culture. Management of this patient was through an operation, debridement, and administration of antibiotic. Conclusion: This patient was diagnosed with SEA from anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory finding, and radiology finding. This case is rarely found and is a big problem for neurologists due to the difficulty of early diagnosis.
{"title":"SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS ET CAUSA STAPHYLOCOCCUS PSEUDINTERMEDIUS: A RARE CASE REPORT","authors":"D. Tugasworo, Happy Kurnia Brotoarianto, Retnaningsih, Aditya Kurnianto, Y. Andhitara, Rahmi Ardhini, Josep Rio Rambe, J. Budiman","doi":"10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare disease, difficult to detect, high defect rate, and can be lifethreatening. It is characterized by accumulation of pus in the epidural space causing suppression of the spinal cord and spinal roots. This study will describe a case of a 35-year-old man with SEA in Indonesia. Case presentation: A 35-year-old male with pain in the lumbar region 1, radicular pain according to thoracic dermatome 10, flaccid inferior paraplegia, hypoesthesia as high as thoracic dermatome 10, and retention of alviet uri due to SEA caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius confirmed by abscess culture. Management of this patient was through an operation, debridement, and administration of antibiotic. Conclusion: This patient was diagnosed with SEA from anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory finding, and radiology finding. This case is rarely found and is a big problem for neurologists due to the difficulty of early diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":39135,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the University of Malaya Medical Centre","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41453007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-24DOI: 10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.11
Jiamin Yap, Berezina Elizaveta
Background: The Dark Triad personalities have been well studied, however, it is not often linked with empathy and risk-taking intentions. The present study aims to address this gap by examining the association between the Dark Triad personality traits, empathy and risk-taking intentions in the five domains – ethical, financial, health/safety, social, and recreational. Method: A sample of 160 young adults residing in Malaysia (Male=69, Female=99, Mage=22.01, SD=2.03) completed the Short Dark Triad Questionnaire, Empathy Scale, and Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale through an online survey. Results: Machiavellianism and Psychopathy were positively associated with the five domains of risk-taking, including social, ethical, financial, recreational and health/safety domains, and negatively associated with empathy. Narcissism, on the contrary, was positively correlated to all risk-taking domains except for recreational risk-taking, and showed no significant relationship to empathy. Empathy was a significant predictor in social risk-taking whereas Machiavellianism and Psychopathy were significant predictors in ethical risk-taking intentions. Conclusion: This study expanded existing knowledge on the Dark Triad personalities by demonstrating a link between each Dart Triad trait, potential risk-taking behaviours and empathy.
{"title":"COLD HEARTS PLAYING WITH FIRE: THE DARK TRIAD, RISK-TAKING AND EMPATHY","authors":"Jiamin Yap, Berezina Elizaveta","doi":"10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/JUMMEC.VOL24NO2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Dark Triad personalities have been well studied, however, it is not often linked with empathy and risk-taking intentions. The present study aims to address this gap by examining the association between the Dark Triad personality traits, empathy and risk-taking intentions in the five domains – ethical, financial, health/safety, social, and recreational. Method: A sample of 160 young adults residing in Malaysia (Male=69, Female=99, Mage=22.01, SD=2.03) completed the Short Dark Triad Questionnaire, Empathy Scale, and Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale through an online survey. Results: Machiavellianism and Psychopathy were positively associated with the five domains of risk-taking, including social, ethical, financial, recreational and health/safety domains, and negatively associated with empathy. Narcissism, on the contrary, was positively correlated to all risk-taking domains except for recreational risk-taking, and showed no significant relationship to empathy. Empathy was a significant predictor in social risk-taking whereas Machiavellianism and Psychopathy were significant predictors in ethical risk-taking intentions. Conclusion: This study expanded existing knowledge on the Dark Triad personalities by demonstrating a link between each Dart Triad trait, potential risk-taking behaviours and empathy.","PeriodicalId":39135,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the University of Malaya Medical Centre","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41636423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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