Investigating the influence of head kinematics on head injury metrics and factors to consider for football helmet design

L. S. Chatham, Trevor S. Young, Richard M Wojcik, Lyssa A Bell, A. Torbati, R. Carpenter, Peter E. Jenkins, S. Poddar, C. M. Yakacki
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Abstract

There is a need to understand the relationship between head kinematics, impact severity metrics, and overall helmet performance as sports-related concussions continue to be prevalent. This study evaluates these relationships, emphasizing newly developed severity metrics that consider both translational and rotational contributions. Impact tests were performed following the NFL testing protocol on four prominent football helmets. The resulting data was used to determine Head Acceleration Response Metric (HARM), Diffuse Axonal Multi-Axis General Evaluation (DAMAGE), and Head Injury Criterion (HIC). HARM scores, a combination of HIC and DAMAGE, were ultimately used to solve for a Helmet Performance Score. When analyzing all impacts, DAMAGE showed a stronger correlation to HARM than HIC ( R2 = 0.76 vs R2 = 0.57); however, the strongest correlation existed between peak resultant angular velocity (PRAV) and HARM ( R2 = 0.87). When examining impacts at only the side, side upper (SU), and oblique front (OF) locations grouped together, HIC demonstrated the strongest correlation to HARM in the study ( R2 = 0.96). PRAV was the best predictor for HARM over peak resultant linear acceleration (PRLA) and peak resultant angular acceleration for four of the six impact locations (C, D, FMCO, and FMS) when analyzing the sites individually. The remaining locations (SU and OF) best predicted HARM using PRLA. These results are presented and discussed to aid in the research, design, and development of football helmets.
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研究头部运动学对头部损伤指标的影响以及足球头盔设计应考虑的因素
随着运动相关脑震荡的持续流行,有必要了解头部运动学、撞击严重程度指标和头盔整体性能之间的关系。这项研究评估了这些关系,强调了新开发的同时考虑转化和轮换贡献的严重程度指标。根据NFL测试协议,对四个突出的足球头盔进行了冲击测试。所得数据用于确定头部加速度响应指标(HARM)、弥漫性轴索多轴综合评估(DAGRESS)和头部损伤标准(HIC)。HARM分数,HIC和损伤的组合,最终用于求解头盔性能分数。在分析所有影响时,与HIC相比,损伤与HARM的相关性更强(R2 = 0.76 vs R2 = 0.57);然而,峰值合成角速度(PRAV)和HARM(R2)之间存在最强的相关性 = 0.87)。当仅检查组合在一起的侧面、侧面上部(SU)和斜前方(OF)位置的碰撞时,HIC在研究中与HARM的相关性最强(R2 = 0.96)。当单独分析场地时,PRAV是六个撞击位置中的四个(C、D、FMCO和FMS)的HARM过峰值合成线性加速度(PRLA)和峰值合成角加速度的最佳预测因子。剩余位置(SU和OF)使用PRLA最佳地预测HARM。介绍和讨论这些结果有助于足球头盔的研究、设计和开发。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
20.00%
发文量
51
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology covers the development of novel sports apparel, footwear, and equipment; and the materials, instrumentation, and processes that make advances in sports possible.
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